Lipoprotein lipase expression

Eu CHA, Lim WYA, Ton SH, Khalid BAK (2010) Glycyrrhizic acid improved lipoprotein lipase expression, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and lipid deposition in high fat-induced obese rats. Lipid Hlth Dis 9 81-89... 

Lim WYA, Chia YY, Liong SY, Ton SH, Khalid BAK, Shaiifah Noor ASH (2009) Lipoprotein lipase expression, serum lipid and tissue lipid deposition in raally-administered glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats. Lipids in Hlth Dis 8 31—40... 

Li L, Beauchamp MC, RenierG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and gamma agonists upregulate human macrophage lipoprotein lipase expression. Atherosclerosis 2002 165 101-110. 

Compounds associated with cardiotonic activity include hyperoside, vitexin, vitexin-2 -rhamnoside, oligomeric procyanidins, and (—)-epicatechin. Tbe flavonoids and oligomeric procyanidins have a tonic effect on tbe cardiac muscles, are negatively cbronotropic and dromotropic, and also show tbe bradycar-diac effect commonly noted for Crataegus (list and horhammer)/ Flavonoids may also be the major constituents responsible for the hypolipidemic effect of hawthorn by regulating lipoprotein lipases expression. ... 

Proteins embedded in the shell of lipoproteins. They serve as scaffold for assembly of the lipoprotein particle in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, they control metabolism of lipoproteins in the circulation by interaction with enzymes such as lipases. Finally, apolipoproteins determine cellular uptake of the particles by interaction with specific lipoprotein receptors expressed on the surface of target cells. 

Increased lipid synthesis/inhibi-tion of lipolysis Activation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)/induc-tion of fatty acid synthase (FAS)/inactivation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) Facilitated uptake of fatty acids by LPL-dependent hydrolysis of triacylglycerol from circulating lipoproteins. Increased lipid synthesis through Akt-mediated FAS-expression. Inhibition of lipolysis by preventing cAMP-dependent activation of HSL (insulin-dependent activation of phosphodiesterases )... 

ApoC-I is expressed mainly in liver but also in lung, skin, testis, spleen, neural retina, and RPE. Its multiple functions include the activation of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and the inhibition, among others, of lipoprotein and hepatic lipases that hydrolyze triglycerides in particle cores. Notably, both LCAT and lipoprotein lipases are expressed in RPE and choroid (Li et al., 2006). Moreover ApoC-I has been shown to displace ApoE on the VLDL and LDL and thus hinder their binding and uptake via their corresponding receptors (Li et al., 2006). 

ApoC-II is expressed in liver and intestine, and both the neural retina and RPE (Li et al., 2006). In contrast to ApoC-I, it can function as an activator of lipoprotein lipase. Similar to ApoA-I, ApoA-II, and ApoE, in the absence of lipid to stabilize its structure, ApoC-II forms amyloid assemblies. 

Hepatic and peripheral effects of fibrates. These effects are mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a, which modulates the expression of several proteins. LPL, lipoprotein lipase VLDL, very-low-density lipoproteins. 

Paradis E., Clavel S., Julien P., Murthy M. R. V., de Bilbao F., Arsenijevic D., Giannakopoulos P., Vallet P., and Richard D. (2004). Lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase expression in mouse brain regional distribution and selective induction following kainic acid-induced lesion and focal cerebral ischemia. Neurobiol. Dis. 15 312-325. 

Mattsson-Hulten, L., Lindmark, H., Diczfalusy, U., Bjorkhem, I., Ottosson, M., Liu, Y., Bondgers, G., Wilklund, O. 1996. Oxysterols present in atherosclerotic tissue decrease the expression of lipoprotein lipase messenger RNA in human monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 97, 461-468. 

Both PL and LPL require cofactors for full expression of activity (CLP and apoC-11, respectively) no such cofactor is necessary for HL. Derewenda and Cambillau (1991) postulated that, in the human lipase gene family of enzymes, the loops of the N-terminal domain, which exhibit the most pronounced variation in their amino acid sequences, may be responsible for conferring specificity with respect to cofactors. The structure of the lipase-procolipase complex (van Tilbeurgh et al., 1992 see above) does not support this hypothesis. However, in the case of LPL the structural basis of its interaction with apoC-11 may be quite different. Wong et al. (1991) and Davis et al. (1992) produced hybrid molecules by interchanging the C-terminal domains between the rat hepatic and lipoprotein lipases. Their HL chimera, made up of the HL N-terminal catalytic domain and the LPL C-terminal fragment, exhibited the salt-resistant catalydc properties characteristic of HL, but was... 

Zechner, R. The tissue-specific expression of lipoprotein lipase implications for energy and lipoprotein metabolism. Curr. Opin. Lipidol, 1997, 8, 77-88. 

P.A. Kern, M. Saghizadeh, J.M. Ong, R.J. Bosch, R. Deem, and R.B. Simsolo, The expression of tumor necrosis factor in human adipose tissue. Regulation by obesity weight loss, and relationship to lipoprotein lipase, J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 95, 2111-2119. 

IDL) to LDL, and probably also by maintaining lipoprotein lipase activity which promotes triglyceride clearance. In liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and adipose tissue, thyroid hormone stimulates Na", K+-ATPase gene expression and promotes thermogenesis. 

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