Lipids short-term effects

Manifestation of the Short-Term Effects on Proteins, Lipids, and... 

Long-term surfactant damage to the SC lipid extends from the short-term effects resulting in cumulative loss of barrier function and lipid fluidity leading to profound dryness. The results of an assessment... 

Zittermann, A. Geppert, J. Baier, S. Zehn, N. Gouni-Berthold, I. Berthold, H.K. Reinsberg, J. Stehle, P. Short-term effects of high soy supplementation on sex hormones, bone markers, and lipid parameters in young female adults. Eur. J. Nutr. 2004, 43 (2), 100-108. 

Reviews of the influence of diuretics on serum lipids (81-84) are in broad agreement as regards short-term effects. Thiazide and loop diuretics increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been variable. The ratio of LDL/HDL or total cholesterol/HDL is generally increased, but not in all studies. Spironolactone 50 mg bd caused modest falls in... 

Nevertheless, it was clearly demonstrated that bras-sinosteroids, like the other steroids investigated here, interact with the plasmalemma thereby showing short-term effects on the membrane potential and/or medium acidification. In some cases these effects correlate with stomata 1 movement and solute uptake into leaves or conducting tissue. The results are compatible with an effect of these substances on the membrane-embedded moiety of the plasmalemma H -ATPase yielding a modified proton pump rate. They support, therefore, the "Annulus Hypothesis" according to which sterol effects are caused by direct lipid-protein binding. 

Sicko-Goad, L. and Andersen, N. A. (1993a) Effect of diatom lipid composition on the toxicity of trichlorobenzene isomers to diatoms I. Short-term effects of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 24, 236-42. 

It has been shown in feeding experiments that TTA, only 3 hours after administration, causes a drop in blood lipids, primarily by affecting mitochondrial J-oxidation. We now have shown that the main target for the short-term effect of 3-thia fatty acids is a reversible activation of CPT I which is stimulated 3-4 fold in freshly activated hepatocytes. This stimulation is a very fast process, which cannot be explained by gene transcription. Maximal activity is reached after only lOmin, a time too short for new protein synthesis to take place. Consequently 3-thia fatty acids have to affect the already... 

The effect of statins on plasma lipids and lipoproteins is rapidly seen and fully achieved after 4-6 weeks of treatment. The effect persists unchanged during continued use for several years, but after stopping the diug, LDL-cholesterol rapidly increases to pretreatment levels. Treatment with statins is therefore usually continued indefinitely and not as a short-term cure. Finally, it is generally advisable to use the statins that have documented their efficacy in clinical trials (evidence-based medicine). 

Ellis et al. [72] recently studied the effects of short- and long-term vitamin C therapy in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It was found that oxygen radical production and TBAR product formation were higher in patients with CHF than in control subjects. Both short-term (intravenous) and long-term (oral) vitamin C therapy exhibited favorable effects on the parameters of oxidative stress in patients the treatments decreased oxygen radical formation and the level of lipid peroxidation and improved flow-mediated dilation in brachial artery. However, there was no correlation between changes in endothelial function and oxidative stress. 

The lipid infusion protocol represents an experimental situation with supraphysiologically high NEFA blood levels. In the following study it was examined, whether an extrapolation of the results to physiological situations is possible. For this purpose, the effects of short term dietary interventions on IMCL levels and insulin sensitivity were studied. Twelve healthy, lean male subjects with intermediate insulin sensitivity (BMI 23.2 0.6 kg/m, GIR = 46.1+2.8 pmol/kg/min received a high caloric (HC) and a normal caloric (NC) diet. The diets had a duration of 3 days and were characterized as follows ... 

The short-term or acute effects of the p-agonists may be different from chronic effects. Acute tipolysis and glycogenolysis are not observed beyond the first day or two of treatment. Exact mechanisms of action on lipid metabolism may differ among species. Chronic effects of the p-agonists reduce circulating insulin concentrations ST treatment causes an opposite change. Whereas residue levels may be of concern with administration of several of the P-agonists, such is not the case for ST or GRF. 

The uses and adverse effects of raloxifene have been reviewed (8-12). Current work seems to show an altogether positive effect of raloxifene (for example 60 mg/ day) on bone metabolism and serum lipids in post-meno-pausal women on chronic hemodialysis, without significant adverse effects in the short term. However, even the authors of very promising work in this connection point to the difficulty in assessing the long-term safety of the treatment in such women (13). Longer-term work elsewhere has pointed particularly to the occurrence of thromboembolic disease, but also of hot flushes, influenza-like symptoms, peripheral edema, and leg cramps. With the exception of thromboembolism these are unpleasant rather than serious, but they still need to be recorded and studied in this very susceptible group of users. 

Plasma malondialdehyde-like material, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, is increased in conditions of ischaemia, such as stroke [83, 84] and myocardial infarction [85]. Mitochondria extracted from hearts of vitamin-E-deficient rabbits showed a decreased mitochondrial function and an increased formation of oxygen radicals associated with a reduced superoxide dismutase activity. This was partially reversed by addition of vitamin E in vitro [86]. Measurement of in vitro susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in cardiac muscle from vitamin-E-deficient mice showed a highly significant negative correlation between the concentration of vitamin E and in vitro lipid peroxidation. The results indicate that short-term vitamin E deficiency may expose cardiac muscle to peroxidation injuries [ 87 ]. In rats, treatment for 2 days with isoprenaline increased lipid peroxide activity, as measured by malondialdehyde levels, in the myocardium. Vitamin-E-deficient animals were even more sensitive to this effect, and pretreatment with a-tocopheryl acetate for 2 weeks prevented the effect induced by isoprenaline. The authors [88] propose that free-radical-mediated increases in lipid peroxide activity may have a role in catecholamine-induced heart disease. 

The results of these studies provided direct proof for the importance of the extent of lipid lowering in order to improve cardiac outcome. In addition, they clearly indicated that, in order to achieve a large reduction in lipid levels and the corresponding cardiovascular event rates, the statins are not equally suitable. The correlation between the degree of lipid lowering and therapeutic benefit, as well as the different effectiveness of the statins to achieve this goal, were corroborated by a meta-analysis of the available clinical data [35]. In 164 short-term studies, the lipid-lowering potency of all statins was shown to correlate more or less linearly... 

Briner, W., Murray, J. (2005). Effects of short-term and long-term depleted uranium exposure on open-field behavior and brain lipid oxidation in rats. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 27 135 4. 

Koch G, Franz IW, Lohmann FW. Effects of short-term and long-term treatment with cardio-selective and non-selective beta-receptor blockade on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on plasma catecholamines at rest and during exercise. Clin Sci (Lond) 1981 61(Suppl 7) S433-5. 

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