Oxygen radical formation

Braughler, J.M, and Hall, E.D. (1989). Central nervous system trauma and stroke. I. Biochemical considerations for oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 6, 289-301. 

Troll, W. (1991). Prevention of cancer by agents that suppress oxygen radical formation. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 12-13, 751-757. 

Montoliu C, ValiJs S, Renau-Piqueras J, Guerri C. Ethanol-induced oxygen radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat brain effects of chronic alcohol consumption. J Neurochem 1994 63 1855-1862. 

Two forms of xanthine oxidoreductase namely XO and XDH are present in many human and animal cells and plasma, XDH and XO are the predominant species in cytoplasma and serum, respectively [39]. Damaging effects of XO-catalyzed superoxide production in post-ischemic tissues were demonstrated by many authors. For example, Chambers et al. [40] and Hearse et al. [41] have shown that the suppression of superoxide production by the administration of XO inhibitor allopurinol or SOD resulted in the reduction of infarct size in the dog and of the incidence of reperfusion-induced arrhythmia in the rat. Similarly, Charlat et al. [42] has also shown that allopurinol improved the recovery of the contractile function of reperfused myocardium in the dog. However, the use of allopurinol as the XO inhibitor has been questioned because this compound may affect oxygen radical formation not only as a XO inhibitor but as well as free radical scavenger [43]. Smith et al. [44] also showed that gastric mucosal injury depends on the oxygen radical production catalyzed by XO and iron. 

Calcium oxalate monohydrate responsible for the formation of most kidney stones significantly increased mitochondrial superoxide production in renal epithelial cells [42], Recombinant human interleukin IL-(3 induced oxygen radical generation in alveolar epithelial cells, which was suppressed by mitochondrial inhibitors 4 -hydroxy-3 -methoxyacetophe-none and diphenylene iodonium [43]. Espositio et al. [44] found that mitochondrial oxygen radical formation depended on the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator Anti. Correspondingly, mitochondria from skeletal muscle, heart, and brain from the Antl-deficient mice sharply increased the production of hydrogen peroxide. 

Ellis et al. [72] recently studied the effects of short- and long-term vitamin C therapy in the patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). It was found that oxygen radical production and TBAR product formation were higher in patients with CHF than in control subjects. Both short-term (intravenous) and long-term (oral) vitamin C therapy exhibited favorable effects on the parameters of oxidative stress in patients the treatments decreased oxygen radical formation and the level of lipid peroxidation and improved flow-mediated dilation in brachial artery. However, there was no correlation between changes in endothelial function and oxidative stress. 

Ahmed, S.S., Napoli, K.L. and Strobel, H. W. (1995) Oxygen radical formation during cytochrome P450-catalyzed cyclosporine metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes at varying hydrogen ion concentrations. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 151 (2),... 

Bendy SC, McKee M, Le Bel CP. 1990b. Changes in synaptosomal pH and rates of oxygen radical formation induced by chlordecone. Mol Chem Neuropathol 13(1-2) 95-106. 

Owing to high oxygen overpotential and high oxygen radicals formation efficiency, mainly OH radicals ([407] and references given therein), and lead dioxide electrodes are used as... 

Atlante A., Gagliardi S., Minervini G. M., Ciotti M. T., Marra E., and Calissano P. (1997). Glutamate neurotoxicity in rat cerebellar granule cells A major role for xanthine oxidase in oxygen radical formation. J. Neurochem. 68 2038-2045. 

It is well known that prolonged NMDA glutamate receptor activation results in degeneration of neurons (excitotoxicity). This has been attributed to a large increase in calcium influx, which activates the calmodulin-dependent NOS-1 and leads to sustained elevation of nitric oxide concentrations. The increase in neurodegeneration caused by excitatory amino acids may be due to enhanced oxygen radical formation since superoxide dismutase has a beneficial effect in... 

Doroshow, J.H. (1983) Effect of anthracycline antibiotics on oxygen radical formation in rat heart, Cancer Res. 43, 460-472. 

Figure 2 Proposed sequence of the S-states from So to S3 for oxygen radical formation in PSII. Protons removed are marked with. ...

S. S. Ahmed, K. L. Napoli, H. W. Strobel, Oxygen Radical Formation During Cytochrome P450-Catalyzed Cyclosporine Metabolism in Rat and Human Liver Microsomes at Varying Hydrogen Ion Concentrations, Mol Cell Biochem 151 (1995) 131-40. 

Radeke FI FI, Meier B,Topley N, Floge J, Habermehl GG, Resch K. Interleukin l-P and tumor necrosis factor-o induce oxygen radical formation in mesangial cells. Kidney Int 1990 37 767-775. 

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