Shorting effect

Simple exhaust hoods have a very short effective range and the hood must be placed very close to the contaminant source to be efficient, which may interfere with technological processes. This lack of direction of the flow may result in the use of excessive exhaust flow rates with large source-to-hood distances and this may result in a large amount of wasted energy. 

To measure the total light emission of a photoprotein sample, it was necessary to add 1-5 pM Fe2+ several times due to the short effective life of Fe2+ under the conditions involved. The total amount of light measured in this manner was always proportional to the weight of photoprotein used, with both CPA and CPC (4.7 x 1013 photons/mg at 25°C Shimomura and Johnson, 1968d). Thus, the quantum yield is estimated at roughly 0.01 for CPA, and 0.015 for CPC. 

AVP is mainly used in the replacement therapy in congenital diabetes insipidus (CDI), but has only a short effect of 4-6 h. It is also used in the therapy of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, as a local vasoconstrictor,... 

The low level of EOF in coated capillaries permits separations to be carried out with very short effective capillary lengths. Earlier work using chemical mobilization was performed using capillaries as short as 11 cm with internal... 

Pharmacokinetic data were available for 97 patients. The tasidotin plasma concentrations declined rapidly, and were less than 1% of maximal concentrations within about 8 h after dosing (Fig. 13.2). With such a short effective half-life, accumulation with daily tasidotin administration was not likely - once-daily multiple doses resemble a series of single doses. Concentrations appeared to decline in a biphasic manner (Fig. 13.2). The presence of a third, gamma phase was observed in some patients, but was not consistently detected, and for this reason the effective half-life was calculated instead of the terminal elimination phase half-life. 

The difference in the annihilation ratio for positronium at the surface and in the sample is used to measure the effective range of positronium. Implantation profiles for a range of incident energies (density 1 g/cm3) were calculated. In this simulation the fraction that stops within a diffusion length of the surface can reach it and annihilates into 3 photons the remainder annihilate 10% into three photons and 90% into two photons, as shown in Figure 7.4. The fractions are chosen as an example. A short effective range appears as a sharp transition from surface measurement to bulk measurement value. 

Amphetamines are more toxic than cocaine and, when abused, cause worse problems. The body has a great capacity to metabolize and eliminate cocaine the liver can detoxify a lethal dose of cocaine every thirty minutes. It cannot handle amphetamines as efficiently. At the same time, people can establish stable relationships with amphetamines more easily than they can with cocaine, probably because the intensely pleasureful but very short effect of cocaine is more seductive and invites repetitive dosing. 

JDose that inhibited 90% of the AAW behavior at 30 min after test compound administration (s.c.). AAW test was performed at time points of 60, 120, 180, and 240 min postadministration. S (Short) effect decreased within 120 min L (Long) effect continued for 180 min or more kNot determined... 

Rice, S., R.E. Thomas and J.W. Short. Effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on breathing and coughing rates and hydrocarbon uptake-depuration in pink salmon fry. In Physiological Responses of Marine Biota to Pollutants, edited by F. Vernberg, A. Calabrese, F. Thurberg and W. Vemberg, New York, Academic Press, pp. 259-278, 1977. 

Inactivate protease prior to digestion with restriction enzymes. For this purpose, add phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF, a covalent protease inhibitor, usually stored as a 100 mM stock solution(17.4 mg/ml in isopropanol) at -20°C) to TE (at 25°C) just before use to a final concentration of 80 pg/ml. PMSF solutions have a short effective half-life in water and should be replaced twice with a fresh solution (each incubation 1 h). Moreover, PMSF is not stable in alkaline conditions or at higher temperatures. This dangerous chemical (handled in the hood) can be inactivated by rendering the used solution alkaline and leaving at room temperature. 

Time of temperature effect on the sample influences the process of PETP destruction. During short effect sharp decrease of polymer specific viscosity takes place while polymer mass does not change. Drop of viscosity value slows down during the increase of temperature effect time and polymer mass loss sharply increases. Viscosity change is caused by thermal destruction of macromolecule, and mass change - by the destruction of chain end groups [207]. 

Some clinicians believe that combinations of long- and shortacting stimulants are effective for the treatment of narcolepsy. Some stimulants have a short effective period, while others have a longer duration of activity and slower onset of action. By combining stimulants with different activities it may be possible to achieve alertness more rapidly and for a longer period. In addition, although published evidence is limited, combinations of stimulants and antidepressants may be of benefit for treatment of sleepiness and cataplexy. 

In certain situations in which it is impracticable to use selective absorption or high gas flow rates as a means of securing low residence times and product concentrations, a possible alternative is to use a pulsed discharge in which the effective residence time of the gas molecules is dictated by the pulse duration and the time interval between successive pulses. By this means, very short effective residence times can be achieved and typical data, again for the ammonia—hydrazine reaction, are shown in Figure 9, in which the energy yield of hydrazine is plotted vs. the discharge duration for a constant gas flow rate. The reactor was... 

Figure 6 Proposed role of hTERT overexpression in resistant JFD18 cell line to control telomere cappingf The telomere length increase and hTERT overexpression stabilize telomere-capping alterations induced by 12459 in JED 18 resistant cells. Transfection of JFD18 by DN-hTERT reduces the telomere length and restores sensitivity to the short-term effects of 12459. In parental cells, DN-hTERT transfection does not change the sensitivity to 12459, indicating that the short effect of the G-quadruplex ligand is independent of telomerase activity...

Longer oligothiophenes such as 6T or higher, give spectra which are very similar to (real) polythiophenes, e.g. a band-gap of around 2.2-2.3 eV This can either be due to a short effective conjugation length of polythiophene or due to defect induced gap-states (X-traps, see below) [ 150]. 

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