Linoleic acid Linseed

Kerosene Lacquer solvents Lacquers Lactic acid, cold Lactic acid, hot Laurie acid Lead, molten Lead acetate Lead arsenate Lead bromide Lead carbonate Lead chloride Lead chromate Lead dioxide Lead nitrate Lead oxide Lime bleach Lime sulfur Linoleic acid Linseed oil Lithium carbonate Lithium chloride Lithium hydroxide Lithium nitrate Lithium nitrite... 

Linoleamide DEA Linoleic acid Linseed acid Magnesium cocoate Magnesium glycerophosphate... 

Liquid—hquid extraction can be used to obtain high purity linoleic acid from safflower fatty acids or linoleic acid from linseed fatty acids using furfural and hexane as solvents (18). High purity linoleic acid has been obtained from sunflower fatty acids using a dimethylformamide and hexane solvent system (19). 

Leinfil-saure, /. linoleic acid, -schlichte, /. linseed-oil size, -trockenprozess, m. drying of linseed oil. 

Reaction yields depend on the nature of the substrate. Linseed oil contains two polyunsaturated fatty acids 50% linolenic acid and 18% linoleic acid. The corresponding hydroperoxides are obtained with low yields. 

Linolein (Glyceryl linoleate). A. glyceride of linoleic acid. It is one of the constituents of linseed oil which induces drying. Yel oil ... 

N.A. Linseed oil, linoleic acid, hnolenic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, mucilage, linamarin.99 Relieve constipation, demulcent, laxative. Externally as a poultice for boils, bums. 

Loor, J.J., Ueda, K., Ferlay, A., Chilliard, Y., and Doreau, M. 2005. Intestinal flow and digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with fish oil, linseed oil, or sunflower oil. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 119, 203-225. 

Linoleic Acid occurs as a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid that is easily oxidized by air. It is an essential fatty acid and the major constituent of many vegetable oils, including cottonseed, soybean, peanut, corn, sunflower seed, safflower, poppy seed, and linseed. Its specific gravity is about 0.901, and its refractive index is about 1.469. It has a boiling point ranging from 225° to 230° and a melting point around -5°. One milliliter dissolves in 10 mL of petroleum ether. It is freely soluble in ether soluble in absolute alcohol and in chloroform and miscible with dimethylformamide, fat solvents, and oils. It is insoluble in water. 

A) Fatty Acids.—The procedure outlined for linoleic acid (p. 75) is followed, omitting Notes 3 and 4. Linseed oil is used as the raw material. 

Linseed oil Linseed oil is well known as one of the most unsaturated vegetable oils with a high level of linolenic acid ( 50%). As a consequence of this it oxidizes and polymerizes very readily and is used in paints, varnishes, inks, linoleum, and as a sealant for concrete. Using chemical mutation, plant breeders in Australia (33) developed a variety of linseed with a low level of hnolenic acid ( 2%) and a high level of linoleic acid. This is called linola and is a linoleic-rich oil like sunflower (Table 4). The oil has GRAS status in USA. 

Among the oils that contain carbon-carbon double bonds as the functional groups, linseed, tung, corn, cottonseed, rapeseed, and soybean are more widely used as polymeric sources. Linseed oil is extracted from the seeds of the flax plant Linum usitatissimum). The major constituents of linseed oil are a-linolenic acid (60%), linoleic acid (29%), and oleic acid (27%). This composition varies with changes in climatic conditions. On the other hand, tung oil, also called china wood oil, is derived from the seeds or nuts of the trees aleurites fordii and A. montana. The major constituent of tung oil is eleostearic acid (77-82%), whereas the other important components of tung oil are oleic acid (3.5-12.7%) and linoleic acid (8-10%). It is known that the carbon-carbon double bond in oleic acid is at C9, in linoleic acid it is at C6 and C9, and in linolenic acid it is at C3, C6, and C9, whereas eleostearic acid has double bonds at positions C5, C7, and C9. 

The most important and widely distributed PEFAs are linoleic (d,s,m-9,12-octadecadienoic) and linolenic (cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic) acids. Linoleic acid, one of the nutritionally essential FAs, is the most abundant PEFA and is widely distributed in common vegetable oils such as soybean oil (50%), sunflower oil (65%), com oil (50%), and sesame oil (40%). Linolenic acid distributed in nature is a major acid of the highly unsaturated vegetable oils. Rich sources are linseed (45-50%) and perilla (65%) oils. 

The precursors of both n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid and (/.-linolenic acid, respectively, are essential for mammals as they are required for normal physiological function and cannot be synthesized de novo (Holman, 1968). They can only be accumulated by placental transfer or by dietary intake. Once accretion of these fatty acids has occurred, metabolic, conservation and recycling pathways sustain them (B azan et al., 1994). Unlike mammals, plants can synthesize these precursor PUFAs (linoleic and a-linolenic acids) so they are found in abundance in the chloroplast membranes of plants, in certain vegetable oils, and in the tissues of plant-eating animals (Nettleton, 1991). The best sources of a-linolenic acid are vegetable oils, such as perilla (Yoshida et al., 1993) rapeseed (canola), linseed, walnut, and soybean (Nettleton, 1991). They are also abundant in shellfish, fish, and fish products and can be found in low amounts in green, leafy vegetables and baked beans (Nettleton, 1991 Sinclair, 1993). 

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