Lithium hydroxide, anhydrous

CAS 1310-65-2 EINECS/ELINCS 215-183-4 Synonyms Lithium hydrate Lithium hydroxide anhydrous CiasaScabon Inorganic base lithium compd. 

Manuf/Distrib. Alfa Aesar Am. Inti. BassTech Inti. Chemetall Foote China Natl. Chem. Construction Dastech Inti. Dayang Chems. FMC/Lithium Integra Mallinckrodt Baker Marlin Chems. Ltd Noah Spectrum Chems. Lab. Prods. VWR Infl. Variati Varsal Instruments Lithium hydroxide anhydrous. See Lithium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide monohydrate CAS 1310-66-3 EINECS/ELINCS 215-183-4 UN 2680... 

Lithium Acetate. Lithium acetate [546-89 ] is obtained from reaction of lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide and acetic acid. Crystalline lithium acetate dihydrate [6108-1 7a(/, CH2C02Li 2H20, melts congmentiy in its own water of crystallization at 57.8°C. The anhydrous salt [646-89-4] melts... 

Lithium Borates. Lithium metaborate [13453-69-5], LLBO2 2H20, is prepared from reaction of lithium hydroxide and boric acid. It is used as the fluxing agent for the matrix for x-ray fluorescence analytical techniques and in specialty glasses and enamels. The anhydrous salt melts at 847°C. 

Lithium Bromide. Lithium biomide [7550-35-8] LiBi, is piepaied from hydiobiomic acid and lithium carbonate oi lithium hydroxide. The anhydrous salt melts at 550°C and bods at 1310°C. Lithium bromide is a component of the low melting eutectic electrolytes ia high temperature lithium batteries. 

Lithium Iodide. Lithium iodide [10377-51 -2/, Lil, is the most difficult lithium halide to prepare and has few appHcations. Aqueous solutions of the salt can be prepared by carehil neutralization of hydroiodic acid with lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide. Concentration of the aqueous solution leads successively to the trihydrate [7790-22-9] dihydrate [17023-25-5] and monohydrate [17023-24 ] which melt congmendy at 75, 79, and 130°C, respectively. The anhydrous salt can be obtained by carehil removal of water under vacuum, but because of the strong tendency to oxidize and eliminate iodine which occurs on heating the salt ia air, it is often prepared from reactions of lithium metal or lithium hydride with iodine ia organic solvents. The salt is extremely soluble ia water (62.6 wt % at 25°C) (59) and the solutions have extremely low vapor pressures (60). Lithium iodide is used as an electrolyte ia selected lithium battery appHcations, where it is formed in situ from reaction of lithium metal with iodine. It can also be a component of low melting molten salts and as a catalyst ia aldol condensations. 

Anhydrous lithium hydroxide [1310-65-2], LiOH, is obtained by heating the monohydrate above 100°C. The salt melts at 462°C. Anhydrous lithium hydroxide is an extremely efficient absorbent for carbon dioxide (qv). The porous stmcture of the salt allows complete conversion to the carbonate with no efficiency loss in the absorption process. Thus LiOH has an important role in the removal of carbon dioxide from enclosed breathing areas such as on submarines or space vehicles. About 750 g of lithium hydroxide is required to absorb the carbon dioxide produced by an individual in a day. 

It is not advisable to store large quantities of picrates for long periods, particularly when they are dry due to their potential EXPLOSIVE nature. The free base should be recovered as soon as possible. The picrate is suspended in an excess of 2N aqueous NaOH and warmed a little. Because of the limited solubility of sodium picrate, excess hot water must be added. Alternatively, because of the greater solubility of lithium picrate, aqueous 10% lithium hydroxide solution can be used. The solution is cooled, the amine is extracted with a suitable solvent such as diethyl ether or toluene, washed with 5N NaOH until the alkaline solution remains colourless, then with water, and the extract is dried with anhydrous sodium carbonate. The solvent is distilled off and the amine is fractionally distilled (under reduced pressure if necessary) or recrystallised. 

Organolithium compounds are sometimes prepared in hydrocarbon solvents such as pentane and hexane, but nonnally diethyl ether is used. It is especially important that the solvent be anhydrous. Even trace amounts of water or alcohols react with lithium to form insoluble lithium hydroxide or lithium alkoxides that coat the surface of the metal and prevent it from reacting with the alkyl halide. Furthennore, organolithium reagents are strong bases and react rapidly with even weak proton sources to fonn hydrocarbons. We shall discuss this property of organolithium reagents in Section 14.5. 

Substances which are insoluble or only partially soluble in acids are brought into solution by fusion with the appropriate reagent. The most commonly used fusion reagents, or fluxes as they are called, are anhydrous sodium carbonate, either alone or, less frequently, mixed with potassium nitrate or sodium peroxide potassium pyrosulphate, or sodium pyrosulphate sodium peroxide sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Anhydrous lithium metaborate has found favour as a flux, especially for materials containing silica 12 when the resulting fused mass is dissolved in dilute acids, no separation of silica takes place as it does when a sodium carbonate melt is similarly treated. Other advantages claimed for lithium metaborate are the following. 

Lysergic acid monohydrate (7.15 g, 25.0 mmol on a 100% basis) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.06 g, 25.0 mmol) were added to 200 ml of anhydrous methanol and stirred until complete solution occurs. Use magnetic stirrer and keep solution... 

Anhydrous hydrogen sulfide, 23 635 Anhydrous iron(II) acetate, 14 532 Anhydrous lactic acid, 14 115 Anhydrous lead acetate, 14 792-793 Anhydrous lithium hydroxide, 15 141 Anhydrous magnesium acetate, 15 381-384... 

Lithium nitrate is prepared by neutralization of lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate with nitric acid followed by evaporation of the solution and strong heating at 200°C in vacuum to yield the anhydrous salt ... 

A modified Coleman Model 33 Carbon-Hydrogen Analyzer was used to control the oxygen flow rate, to pretreat the oxygen (anhydrous magnesium perchlorate and anhydrous lithium hydroxide) and to hold the combustion tube in position. The analyzers furnace was controlled by a Fisher Model 360 Linear Temperature Programme. The rate of temperature increase was variable from 0.5 to 25 C per minute. Normally, the temperature programmer... 

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