Limonene eucalyptus

Unfortunately, enantiomeric purities and total percentages of a-pinene, ]3-pinene, limonene and a-terpineol from tea tree oils more or less overlap with those of Eucalyptus oils (Table 17.3). Only enantiomeric purities and total percentages of terpinen-4-ol and a-phellandrene are significantly different, when Melaleuca and Eucalyptus oils are compared with regard to authenticity assessment [45]. 

Limonene [138-86-3] - [ANALYTICALMETHODS - TRENDS] (Vol 2) -aroma chemical [PERFUMES] (Vol 18) -in Bergamot oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in caraway oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in asms oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in citronella oils [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in eucalyptus oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in expectorants [EXPECTORANTS, ANTITUSSIVES AND RELATED AGENTS] (Vol 9) -m jumperberry oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lavender [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lavender [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in lime oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in neroli oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -m oilbanum [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in orange oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17) -in sweet basil oil [OILS, ESSENTIAL] (Vol 17)... 

The oxide 1,8-cineole (also called eucalyptol) is often described as a skin irritant. It is a major component in Eucalyptus globulus (up to around 90%), which has GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status. Within the oil it is attributed beneficial effects such as antiseptic and expectorant. The other components present are again the hydrocarbon terpenes a-pinene, limonene, cymene, phellandrene, terpinene and aromadendrene. 

White thyme is not complete or natural, but is usually an adulterated and compounded oil made up of fractions of pine oils, rosemary, eucalyptus and red thyme, or it may be origanum with p-cymene, pinene, limonene and caryophyllene. 

Major components listed under a general heading for eucalyptus would be citronellal, cineole, camphene, fenchene, limonene, phellandrene and pinene. The individual species show the different proportions (amounts shown are approximate percentages) ... 

Limonene (3) a//3-Pinene (4, 5) Linalool (6) Menthol (7) Geraniol (8) Sweet orange (R) Pine wood ((+)-aa, (-)-ff) Ho (R), rosewood ( ) Japanese mint (-) Palmarosa Citronellol (9) Citronellal (10) 1,8-Cineole (1) Citral (11) Eugenol (2) Geranium (S) Eucalyptus (E citriodora, ), citronella (R) Eucalyptus (E globulus) Lemongrass, Litsea cubeba Glove... 

Cyclohexane monoterpenes are a chemically diverse group of monoterpenoids that occur in the plant kingdom mainly as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenols (Fig. 5). The saturated hydrocarbon trans-p-menthme (El) is a constituent of the oil of turpentine and the resin of pine (Pinaceae) trees. Its unsaturated analogs, namely (i )-(- -)-limonene (E2) [present in oil of orange (Citrus aurantium) and mandarin (Citrus reticulata, Rutaceae) peel oil] a-terpinene (E3) and terpinolene (E4) in some Citrus, Juniperus, Mentha and Pinus species (i )-(-)-a-phellandrene (E5) in Eucalyptus phellandra (Myrtaceae) and (5)-(- -)-3-phellandrene (E6) in water feimel (Phel-landrium aquaticum, Umbelliferae), are components of many plant volatile oils. The rich chemical diversity of cyclohexane monoterpene alcohols is apparent from the natural occurrence of all four pairs of / -menthan-3-ol enantiomers, for... 

Previous work have reported the initial standards for these two oils and compared with commercial samples (S). The essential oil of ravintsara C. camphora) is dominated by high levels of 1,8-cineole, and is characterized by a fresh and eucalyptus-type aroma. The essential oil of raverrsara R. aromatica) is characterized by varying levels of limonene, methylchavicol and methyleugenol, with licorice and spicy notes. 

Monocyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons occur in many essential oils and their by-products. They have relatively weak odours, although some add dryness and green notes to the oils containing them. This is particularly so for lime and petitgrain. D-Limonene (1) occurs in citrus oils whereas the L-isomer is found in pine. If limonene or other terpenes break down during processing to produce isoprene, then racemic limonene, dipentene, is found in the product as a result of the Diels-Alder reaction. Terpinolene (2) is the dehydration product of a-terpineol and so it is often present as an artefact. a-Phellandrene (3) occurs in eucalyptus oil. Since it is a 1,3-diene, it is an obvious precursor for Diels-Alder reactions and a number of speciality ingredients are... 

Terpenes are components of various products e.g. tobacco smoke, wax pastes (furniture and floor polishes etc.), liquid waxes (floor polishes etc.), cleansers (detergents etc.), polishes, dyes and varnishes, synthetic resins, so-called natural building products, deodorants, perfumes, softeners, air fresheners, foods, beverages, pharmaceutical products (e.g. camomile oil, eucalyptus oil). In these products terpene compounds such as geraniol, myrcene (beta-myrcene), ocimene, menthol, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, d-limonene, 3-carene, cineole, camphene or caryophyllene can be detected. 

Natural resin paints natural resins (e.g., shellac) or chemical modified natural resins (e.g., colophonium derivates), additions (e.g., methyl cellulose, natural latex, casein), inorganic, organic pigments (mainly natural origin), mineral fillers, additives (organic solvents alcohols, terpenes, oil of turpentine, limonenes), essential oils (eucalyptus oil, oil of rosemary, oil of bergamot) various applications... 

Finally, some very cheap essential oils or oil components snch as limonene, 1,8-cineole, and the pinenes are useful as industrial solvents, while phellandrene rich eucalyptus oil fractions are marketed as industrial perfumes for detergents and the like. 

Myrcene (70) is very widespread in nature. Some sources, such as hops, contain high levels and it is found in most of the common herbs and spices. All isomers of a-ocimene (84), b-ocimene (85), and alio ocimene (86) are found in essential oils, the isomers of b-ocimene (85) being the most frequently encountered. Limonene (73) is present in many essential oils, but the major occurrence is in the citrus oils that contain levels up to 90%. These oils contain the dextrorotatory (/ ) -enantiomer, and its antipode is much less common. Both a phellandrene (87) and b phellandrene (88) occur widely in essential oils. For example, ( ) a phellandrene is found in Eucalyptus dives and (5)-(-)-b-phellandrene in the lodge-pole pine, Pinus contorta. p Cymene (83) has been identi ed in many essential oils and plant extracts and thyme and oregano oils are particularly rich in it. a-Pinene (65), b-pinene (7, and 3-carene (77) are all major constituents of turpentine from a wide range of pines, spruces, and rs. The pinenes are often found in other oils, 3 carene less so. Like the pinenes, camphene (89) is widespread in nature. 

Zingiberaceae Eucalyptus sp. 1,8-Cineole, limonene, a-pinene Bactericide Teuscher et al. (2004)... 

The population of nematodes (Heterodera schachtH) could be decreased down to less than 3% of the control within 3 months using (+)-limonene. Also menthol proved to be very ef cient against nematodes (Ibrahim et al., 2008). Essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) with eugenol as main compound was tested on Caenorhabditis elegans and showed an anthelmintic effect (Asha et al., 2001). Another essential oil that is very promising in nematode control is Eucalyptus sp. 

Ohara K, Matsunaga E, Nanto K, Yamamoto K, Sasaki K, Ebinuma H, Yazaki K (2010) monoterpene engineering in a woody plant Eucalyptus camaldulensis using a limonene synthase cDNA. Plant Biotech J 8 28-37. doi 10.1111/j.l467-7652.2009.00461.x... 

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