Litsea cubeba oil

Natural citral is nearly always a mixture of the two isomers. It occurs in lemon-grass oil (up to 85%), in Litsea cubeba oil (up to 75%), and in small amounts in... 

Isolation from Essential Oils. Citral is isolated by distillation from lemongrass oil and from Litsea cubeba oil. It is the main component of these oils. 

Individual compounds can be isolated from essential oils containing one or only a few major components by distillation or crystallization. Examples are eugenol from clove oil, menthol from commint oil, citronellal from Eucalyptus citriodora oil and citral from Litsea cubeba oil. These compounds are used as such or serve as starting materials for the synthesis of derivatives, which are also used as flavor and fragrance substances. However, the importance of some of these oils has decreased substantially because of the development of selective synthetic processes for their components. 

The two oils were formerly the main source of natural citral, obtained as a ca. 4 1 mixture of geranial and neral by distillation [463, 466a]. However, lemongrass oil has declined in commercial importance due to the competitive synthesis of citral and isolation of natural citral from Litsea cubeba oil. Today, some lOOt/yr are still... 

Litsea cubeba oil is produced by steam distillation of the fruits of Litsea cubeba C. H. Persoon (Lauraceae) growing in East Asia. It is a pale yellow liquid with a fresh odor, reminiscent of citral. 

Litsea Cubeba Oil, Litsea Cubeba Ol, Huile Essentielle de Litsea Cubeba... 

Citral is a mixture of the cis- and trans-isomer aldehydes geranial and neral, which are very important as widespread components in various flavours. The origin assignment to the main natural sources, Litsea cubeba oil and lemon grass oil, respectively, can easily be performed, because lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a C4-plant, providing 8 C-values of about -12%c, whereas 8 C-values around -26%o are expected... 

Use Mainly to perfume household products (soaps) in the past also for the isolation of citral. The significance of L. has declined in the past decades as a result of competition not only from synthetically produced citral but also from Litsea cubeba oil as anoAer natural source of citral. The annual production world-wide is now probably only ca. 10001. lit Perfum. Flavor. 19 (2), 29 (1994). gen. Aictander, p. 352 Bauer al. (2.), p. 152 ISO 3217 (1974), 4718 (1981). - Toxicology Fb Cosmet. Toxicol. 14, 455,457 (1976). - [HS330129 CAS8007-02-1]... 

Numerous components are offered on the market like citral from Litsea cubeba oil, geraniol from palmarosa oil, linalool from ho oil, coriander oil or lavandin, pinenes from different Pinus species, citronellal from Corymbia citriodora, cedrol from cedarwood, or even the santalols from different sandalwood species. All these are added to nish essential oils. As already mentioned before, synthetic chemicals can no more be applied as enantiomeric separation is a state of the art today and will convict the matter of fact of adulteration. By using synthesized, correct chiral compounds, the detection is hardly to be recognized but with NMR method, but this is an expensive analysis. 

Litsea cubeba oil. Lemon oil washed as residues from production of terpene-free oil is preferably used, as these contain still all components of the pure lemon oil. Also lemon terpenes and heads of distilled grapefruit oils could be found. Blending is done by using synthetic decanal, non-anal, octanal, and citronellal from Corymbia citriodora oil. Detection is made by GC-MS and mainly by multidimensional enantiomeric separation with various methods (see part of methods). Mondello (1998) reports some constituents with chiral ratios as follows (f )-(+)-p-pinene 6.3% (5) ( )-P"pinene 93.7% (f )-(+)-sabinene 14.9% (5)-(-)-sabinene 85.1% (5)-(-)-limonene 1.6% (K) (+)-limonene 98.4% (5)-(+)-terpinen-4-ol 24.7% (/ )-(-)-terpinen-4-ol 75.3% and (5)-( ) a terpineol 75.2% (R)-(+)-a-terpineol 75.2%. Further on, Dugo and Mondello (2011) gave the following data (/ )-(+)-a-pinene (25.5%-31.5%) (5)-(-)- -pinene (68.5%-74.5%) (15,4/ ) ( ) camphene (86.2%-92.4%) (l/ ,45)-(+)-camphene (7.6%-13.8%) (5)-(-)-p-pinene... 

ISO standard 4718 shows character and data for this oil. Adulteration is done by adding synthetic cit-ral or citral from Litsea cubeba oil. Blending is done with addition of geranyl acetate and 6-methyl-5-heptene 2 one. Detecting is done by GC-MS and multidimensional chiral separation. Wang et al. (1995) reported chiral ratio for linalool to be (35)-(+)-linalool 30.9% (3I -(-)-linalool 69.1% and (/ )-(-)-linalool 58.0% (5)-(+)-linalool 42.0%. 

ISO standard 3517 shows character and data for that oil. Adulteration is made by geraniol from palmarosa oil, linalool from rose wood oil, orange oil sweet, citral from Litsea cubeba oil, and... 

Some essential oils are produced for their chemical constituents, whereas most are produced for their aromatic parts, and it is important that suppliers understand what is expected of them by their customer, whether it is chemical constituents naturally occurring or it is the aroma and avor. Examples of this are turpentine oil, Litsea cubeba oil, sassafras oil, clove leaf oil, and coriander oil. 

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