Anthelmintics effects

Antinematodal. An anthelmintic effective against round worms (nematodes). 

Copper supplements can also have an anthelmintic effect. Small amounts of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) were effective against both incoming and established Haemonchus contortus worms (Bang et al., 1990) and a mineral supplement containing elemental copper reduced faecal egg counts in lambs (Lindqvist et al., 2001). Also, Burke et al. (2004) showed a great reduction of faecal egg counts and adult worm burden of H. contortus in COWP-treated lambs. However, Dimander et al. (2003) could not show an effect against GIN in grazing cattle. 

Mebendazole is used primarily for the treatment of A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, E. vermicularis, and hookworm infections, in which it produces high cure rates. It is an alternative agent for the treatment of trichinosis and visceral larva migrans. Owing to its broad-spectrum anthelmintic effect, mixed infections (ascariasis, hookworm infestation, or enterobiasis in association with trichuriasis) frequently respond to therapy. High doses have been used to treat hydatid disease, but albendazole is now thought to be superior. 

It is a broad spectrum anthelmintic effective in pinworm, ascariasis and hook worm infestation. It exerts its action by producing persistent nicotinic receptor activation which results in spastic paralysis of worms. 

It was with the action of phenothiazine that the importance of particle size was first recognised, in 1939, in relation to its toxicity to codling moth larvae, and in 1940 in relation to its anthelmintic effect, in both of which it was shown that reduction in particle size increased activity. The improvement in biological response to griseofulvin on microni-sation is well known similar blood levels of the dmg were obtained with half the dose of micronised dmg compared to those of non-micronised griseofulvin. The influence of... 

The biological properties of vasicine (184) and vasicinone (185) have been studied in some detail. Vasicine (184) was investigated for antispasmodic, cholegogic," antimicrobial, and anthelmintic activities. Its effects on the circulation and on the peristaltic and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract have also been studied, as has the anthelmintic effect of vasicinone (185). ... 

This is a major group of anthelmintics. Mebendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic effective against threadworms, hookworms and round worms. Its mode of action is to bind to P tubulin in the worm, which interferes with microtubular transport of glucose by the worm. 

Administration Methods, Anthelmintic Effects, and Adverse Effects of Mebendazole and Albendazole... 

Since the discovery of avermectin (AVM), its outstanding antiparasitic activity has attracted great attention from many people, and investigations into the mechanism of its specific biological activity have been actively conducted. From the beginning, AVM was presumed to be a blocker of neurotransmitters, such as ibotenic acid, because of its immediate antiparasitic and anthelmintic effects. 

Tetrahydro-l-methylnicotinic acid, methyl ester 1,2,5,6-TetrahydrD-1-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid methyl ester. Used in veterinary medicine as an anthelmintic effective against Cestodes. Oil bp = 209" d n 1.0495 ngP= 1.4302 LDsO (mus sc) = 100 mg/kg. Boetmnger Ingelheim Vetmedica Inc. 

Austin WC, Courtney WC, Danilewicz W, et al. Pyrantal tartrate, a new anthelmintic effective against infections of domestic animals. Nature 1966 212 1273-1274. 

In practical terms this means that piperazine does not add to the anthelmintic effect of pyrantel on Ascaris as might be expected, but opposes it. For this reason it is usually recommended that concurrent use should be avoided, but direct clinical evidence confirming that combined use is ineffective seems to be lacking. It seems reasonable to extrapolate the results of these studies on Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm) to the other gastrointestinal parasites for which pyrantel is used, i.e. Enterobius ver-micularis (threadworm or pinworm), Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworm) and Trichostrongylus spp. However, no one seems to have studied this. 

The population of nematodes (Heterodera schachtH) could be decreased down to less than 3% of the control within 3 months using (+)-limonene. Also menthol proved to be very ef cient against nematodes (Ibrahim et al., 2008). Essential oil of Ocimum sanctum L. (Lamiaceae) with eugenol as main compound was tested on Caenorhabditis elegans and showed an anthelmintic effect (Asha et al., 2001). Another essential oil that is very promising in nematode control is Eucalyptus sp. 

Iqbal, Z. et al. (2007) Direct and indirect anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins in sheep. Vet.Parasitol. 144,125 131... 

Tetramisole (XXX), a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic effective against a variety of gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic animals,is under evaluation in man. Clinical trials against ascaris infections showed that a single dose of 5-6 ng/kg produced cures of 80 (8 of 10) and... 

---