Lifting plant

Figure 4 - Process Work-up for the first Sasol LIFT plant in Sasolburg (1957)...

Plant that is subject to periodic statutory inspections includes lifting plant for both goods and people and associated ancillary components, boilers, pressure vessels, power presses, extract ventilation plant and some electrical installations in special situations. A list of the principal Regulations containing plant inspection requirements is given in Table 29.1. 

A report has to be made following each examination and the possibility of rationalising the many reporting forms used for lifting plant is being reviewed with the object of reducing the number of report forms and test certificates, and so simplifying the administrative procedures. 

The Lifting Plant and Equipment (Records of Test and Inspection etc.) Regulations 1992... 

Plant Cell Culture. Air-lift bioreactors have been favored for plant cell systems since these cultures were first studied (4). However, they can give rise to problems resulting from flotation of the cells to form a meringue on the top. It is interesting to note that some reports indicate that stirred bioreactors do not damage such cells (4). 

Hydrauhc transport is used in mines and for lifting coals to the surface in Russia, Poland, and France. Pneumatic transport of coal is used over short distances in power plants and steel mills. The longest (14.5 km) single flight conveyer belt in the world near Uniontown, Kentucky, has a capacity of 1360 t/h. 

Fig. 7. Plant for spray-drying of detergents and soaps. 1, Burner 2, air combustion 3, cold air fan 4, hot air generator 5, spray-drying tower 6, cleaning ring 7, no22les circuit 8, tower suction cyclones group 9, tower suction fan 10, double-flap dischargers 11, recovery powder cyclone 12, recovery powder fan 13, belt conveyor 14, air lift 15, air lift suction cyclones 16, air lift suction fan 17, double-flip dischargers 18, vibrating sieve.

Lift trucks are available to meet a variety of clearance restrictions. Noteworthy is narrow-aisle equipment. Another accessory worthy of consideration is the multilift mast, which permits lifting loads over 3.7 m (12 ft). Of special importance in specifying any mast is that it will clear the various door openings it must enter, which includes those of trucks, railcars, and buildings. To meet most conditions, the collapsed height of the mast must be 2235 mm (88 in). An ideal lift truck for chemical-plant distribution warehouses would have 2000-kg (4000-lb) capacity electric (battery) propulsion solid-state controls ... 

In-plant transfer in speeially designed eontainers, e.g. tote bins, eoiTosion-resistant eontainers, with provision for meehanieal lifting. 

Plant and equipment generally portable tools flexible hoses lifting equipment pressure systems... 

The pressure relief device used most often in refinery and chemical plant equipment is the spring-loaded, top-guided, high-lift, nozzle-type safety relief valve, which is illustrated in Figure 2. The spring is usually external and enclosed by a bonnet for weather protection, and the bonnet chamber is vented through an internal passage to the valve outlet. 

Again, it is easy to blame the man. But he had been asked to do a Job that was difficult to perform while wearing an air mask. The plant staff members resisted the temptation to blame him—the easy way out. Instead, they looked for suitable lifting aids [7]. 

A joint on an 8-in. line containing a hot solvent had to be remade. The two sides v ere 14-in. out of line. There was a crane in the plant at the time, so it was decided to use it to lift one of the lines slightly. The lifting strap pulled against a 14-in. branch and broke it off (Figure 1-11). 

In addition, they are usually constructed without isolation valves on the fuel supply lines. As a result the final connection in the pipework cannot be leak-tested. In practice, it is tested as far as possible at the manufacturer s works but often not leak-tested on-site. Reference 32 reviews the fuel leaks that have occurred, including a major explosion at a CCGT plant in England in 1996 due to the explosion of a leak of naphtha from a pipe joint. One man was seriously injured, and a 600-m chamber was lifted off its foundations. The reference also reviews the precautions that should be taken. They include. selecting a site where noise reduction is not required or can be achieved w ithout enclosure. If enclosure is essential, then a high ventilation rate is needed it is often designed to keep the turbine cool and is far too low to disperse gas leaks. Care must be taken to avoid stagnant pockets. 

Fluid cracking retained the moving bed concept of the catalyst transported regularly between the reactor and regenerator. And as with the air-lift systems, the fluid plant rejected mechanical carrying devices (elevators) in favor of standpipes through which the catalyst fluid traveled. 

Lifts, cranes and other mechanical handling plant 13/166... 

In 1854, the Manchester Steam Users Association was formed to help with the prevention of explosions in steam boilers and to find efficient methods in their use. To achieve this, the Association employed the first boiler inspectors, whose services were then made available to the Association s members. Within a short space of time, the members became convinced that insurance to cover the high cost of repair or replacement of damaged boilers was desirable, and this resulted in the first boiler insurance company (The Steam Boiler Assurance Company) being formed in 1858. The scope of the services for inspection and insurance later extended to include pressure vessels, steam engines, cranes, lifts and electrical plant, the insurance protection in each case being supported by an inspection service carried out by qualified engineer surveyors. 

Inspection by independent persons or bodies for safety purposes goes back to the middle of the nineteenth century. At that time, the focus of concern was the explosion of steam boilers, and this hazard was most prevalent in the textile industry. Consequently, a group of public-spirited individuals formed the Manchester Steam Users Association for the Prevention of Boiler Explosion. This body carried out boiler examinations and later added insurance as an inducement to the plant owners. By the beginning of the twentieth century steam and gas engines and electrical machines had been added, followed by lifts, cranes and hoisting machines. 

Chlorination plant Crane/lifting equipment Cooling tower (ID/FD/natural) Settling pond... 

Foundations and trenches will be formed prior to boiler delivery. The boiler house structure may be erected before or after delivery of the boilers, dependent upon site conditions and the type of boiler. Due consideration will be given to access openings and doorways and provision for lifting any items of plant once the boiler house is complete. 

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