Employers’ Associations

Hence, activation featured high in the long and conflictual process of reforming unemployment insurance in 2001, when PARE - plan d aide an retour a I emploi, (back-to-work support plan) was introduced. In October 2000, employers organisations and only three of the five French representative trade unions agreed on the reform. But it was eventually only implemented from July 2001, after more than a year of conflict among unions and between unions and employers associations and the government. 

CIEs are directed at private-sector employers who have registered with the UNEDIC (see above), that is, unemployment insurance. But state-owned enterprises (entreprises nationales) as well as employer associations set up for the purpose of reintegration are permitted to conclude such contracts. 

A trade union or an employer or employers association shall be entitled to take industrial action unless otherwise provided in an act of law or under an agreement. ... 

Many small businesses have processes that are not unique, such as cold storage lockers or water treatment facilities. Where employer associations have a number of members with such facilities, a generic PHA, evolved from a checklist or what—if questions, could be developed and used by each employer effectively to reflect his/her particular process this would simplify compliance for them. 

The EU Directive to prevent needlestick and sharps injuries in the hospital and healthcare sector (Sharps Directive) 2010/32/EU [86] implements the Framework Agreement on prevention fi om sharps injuries in the hospital and healthcare sector signed by the European social partners HOSPEEM (the European hospital and healthcare employers association) and EPSU (the European Federation of Public Services Unions). 

The key stakeholder role in all work organizations is played by the triple structure of the state, federations of employer associations and workers unions. The management approach is supported and encouraged by the stakeholders ecosystem, of which the mentioned triple entities are among the members. 

Role and responsibilities of union and employer associations in resolution of OHS issues... 

While occasionally an OHS issue is of such immediate importance that peak employer associations and peak union bodies become involved, this is rare. More commonty, it is likely that an OHS issue arises which is common to mai r workplaces. It may be an old issue, such as fatigue at work, but with a new face, due to changes in workplace organizational structures, staffing and economics. The issue can then be dealt with at the tripartite OHS policy body level (where such a body exists). An expert working party... 

Union and employer associations, also, nsualfy have some OHS research and information gathering capacity and this can be nsed by employers or unions to assist in resolving issues in their own workplaces. 

The scheme was a response to deficiencies in tort law (including problems of evidence and prescription, lapse of time). The trade unions and employers associations and the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment also joined together in setting up the Asbestos Victims Institute, which mediates between employers and employees in order to reach agreements. 

Figure 8.24 Electric furnace for the production of raw steel from scrap. (Reprinted from the booklet Steel with permission from Employers Association of the Swedish Steel and Metal Industry, Stockholm.)...

To enforce the regulations a small but experienced group of 81 factory inspectors work full-time on construction within the Factory Inspectorate. Within this group is a more qualified staff recruited from the industry. The inspectors are assisted by a specialized civil engineering branch, and other specialists at headquarters are also available to them, including the employment medical advisers. The size of the Inspectorate is closely bound up with its role, and it would be wrong for any inspectorate to be regarded as a substitute for the proper assumption of responsibility for safety by the industry itself, in co-operation with the unions and with the help of employers associations and voluntary bodies. 

Donovan Commission (1968), Report of the Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers Associations, Cmnd 3623 (Chairman Lord Donovan) (London HMSO). 

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