Laundry Powder, with Phosphate

Drv-BIended Compact Laundry Powders With Bleach High Densitv-Three-Quarters Cup High Quality with Phosphate... 

Ahmad and colleagues studied SMEs made from palm stearin and palm fatty-acid distillates [8]. They conducted Terg-O-Tometer studies of built laundry powders, with and without phosphate. Evaluations took place in water hardness conditions ranging from 50 ppm to 500 ppm as CaCOj and from water temperatures ranging from room temperature to 60°C. They concluded that there was no difference in performance between the SME made from palm stearin and palm fatty-acid distillate. The SMEs were equal to or better than LAS in the nonphosphate test formulation at all conditions. The SMEs were equal to or better than LAS in both test formulations, with or without phosphate, in soft water. 

Phospha.tes, Pentasodium triphosphate [7758-29-4] sodium tripolyphosphate, STPP, Na P O Q, is the most widely used and most effective builder in heavy-duty fabric washing compositions (see also Phosphoric acid and phosphates). It is a strong sequestrant for calcium and magnesium, with a p c of ca 6, and provides exceUent suspending action for soils. Because of its high sequestration power, it also finds extensive appHcation in automatic-dishwashing detergents. Sodium tripolyphosphate forms stable hydrates and thus aids in the manufacture of crisp spray-dried laundry powders. 

The combination of LAS and ethoxylated alcohol has long been used in laundry powder and liquid formulations. A typical example of a phosphate version of such a formulation is shown below. The ethoxylate can be spray-dried with LAS in a complete formulation or it can be post-added to a spray-dried formulation containing LAS, phosphate, and other inorganics. 

Chlorinated trisodium phosphate was introduced in 1928, about the same time as calcium hypochlorite. It is a crystalline complex of hydrated trisodium orthophosphate and sodium hypochlorite with an approximate formula of (Na3P04 11H20)4 NaOCl. It also contains other phosphate salts and sodium chloride. Chlorinated trisodium phosphate is still used in commercial laundries and disinfectant cleaners. In other products, such as powdered abrasive cleansers and automatic dishwash detergents, it has been largely replaced by chlorinated isocyanurates to reduce cost, improve performance, or comply with phosphate restrictions. 

Ether carboxylates are used not only in powdered detergents but in liquid laundry detergents for their hard water stability, lime soap dispersibility, and electrolyte stability they improve the suspension stability and rheology of the electrolyte builder [130,131]. Formulations based particularly on lauryl ether carboxylate + 4.5 EO combined with fatty acid salt and other anionic surfactants are described [132], sometimes in combination with quaternary compounds as softeners [133,163]. Ether carboxylates show improved cleaning properties as suds-controlling agents in formulations with ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, alkyl phosphate esters or alkoxylate phosphate esters, and water-soluble builders [134]. 

A) Titration with calcium chloride. As was indicated above, these phosphates are widely used in laundry operation and in soap powders, to prevent the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water from giving a precipitate with the soap. The value of a particular phosphate for this purpose depends not only on the amount of calcium or magnesium the phosphate can take up to form a complex ion but also on the stability of this complex. In the procedure to be described, the amount of calcium salt needed to destroy a lather of soap and water containing phosphate is measured. This procedure gives an estimate of the calciumbinding power of the phosphate for this particular application. 

Natural C12-C16 fatty alcohols or C10-C15 synthetic fatty alcohols with >4 moles ofEO. Alcohol ethoxylates with 5-11 moles of EO are used in liquid and powdered laundry detergents as coactives with LAS and fatty alcohol ethers sulfate (FAES) in hard surface-cleaning formulations and in a host of industrial applications. Alcohol ethoxylates with 12-50 moles of EO and their respective sulfated and phosphated derivatives find use in emulsion polymerization and other select applications. 

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