Klebsiella characterization

The nitrogenase proteins are generally characterized by two letters indicating the species and strains of bacteria and the numerals 1 for the MoFe protein and 2 for the Fe protein. Thus, the Fe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii is Av2 and the MoFe protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae is Kpl. 

Hacisalihoglu A, JA Jongejan, JA Duine (1997) Distribution of amine oxidases and amine dehydrogenases in bacteria grown on primary amines and characterization of the amine oxidase from Klebsiella oxytoca. Microbiology (UK) 143 505-512. 

Suarez M, E Ferrer, M Martin (1996) Purification and biochemical characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al. EEMS Microbiol Lett 143 89-95. 

D. Zhang, X. Li, and L. H. Zhang, Isomaltulose synthase from Klebsiella sp. strain LX3 Gene cloning and characterization and engineering of thermostability, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68 (2002) 2676-2682. 

The gross structure of 73 was determined by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical means (112) stereochemistry was proved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (113). Much later, 73 was also found in C. guianensis from Brazil (114). It was characterized by PMR and CMR data as well as by X-ray analysis. Gerrardine showed activity against Salmonella spp. (115), Candida albicans T.A., Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae D.T. (114). 

Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG et al (2009) Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-l), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(12) 5046-5054... 

Follow-up experiments with the similar Klebsiella pneumoniae enzyme (66, 67) also showed that the pH profiles for CatPx are quite different from those for classical catalases. The latter s catalatic activities are essentially pH-independent from pH 5 to 10 (6S) CatPx of Klebsiella showed a sharp pH optimum between pH 6 and 7 (66). A similar eukaryotic fungal CatPx (69) was also characterized by a sharp pH sensitivity and saturation kinetics K 3.4 mM) and, like the bac-... 

Klebsiella aerogenes type 25 was obtained was a human pathogen and characterized by Boyd and Turvey (30) as producing a poly(GulA) specific enzyme. 

Dimroth, P (1986) Preparation, characterization, and reconstitution of oxaloac-etate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes, a sodium pump. Methods Enzymol 125, 530—540... 

The pyridoxal-5 -phosphate dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT EC 2.1.2.1) in vivo catalyzes the interconversion of L-serine 158 and glycine 149 by transfer of the /1-carbon of L-serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) by which the activated formaldehyde is physiologically made available as a C,-pool. The reaction is fully reversible and provides a means for the stereoselective synthesis of 158 in vitro from donor 149 and formaldehyde. Economical yields (88-94%) of L-serine have thus been obtained on a multimolar scale using raw cell extracts of recombinant Klebsiella aerogenes or E. coll in a controlled bioreactor at final product concentrations > 450 gl 1 [461,462], Several SHMTs have been purified and characterized from various organisms including animal tissues [463,464], eucaryotic [465] and procaryotic... 

Acquisition of new metabolic activities by microorganisms has been studied deliberately since the early 1960s. Most of those studies, many of which are reviewed in detail in Mortlock,1 were conducted using well-characterized laboratory strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa and were intended to provide insights into evolutionary processes. In most cases the new activities were catabolic functions simply because the organisms in question were already capable of all required anabolic functions. There is no reason, however, why the methods outlined below should not be applicable to isolation of mutants with novel biosynthetic capabilities, provided that a sufficiently strong selection for those capabilities can be devised. The purpose of this chapter is to provide some... 

Dutzler, R., Rummel, G., Alberti, S., Hernandez-Alles, S., Phale, P. S., Rosenbusch, J. P., Benedi, V. J., and Schirmer, T. (1999). Crystal structure and functional characterization of OmpK36, the osmoporin of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Structure 7, 425-434. 

Tobimatsu, T., Azuma, M., Hayashi, S., Nishimoto, K., and Toraya, T., 1998, Molecular cloning, sequencing and characterization of the genes for adenosylcobalamin-dependent diol dehydratase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 62(9) 1774n Mil. 

A similar enzyme, characterized definitely as an a-rhamnosidase, was purified by Kamiya et al, (190), and a rhamnosidase could be induced in Klebsiella aerogenes (191), A p-nitrophenyl rhamnosidase from Corti-cium rolfsii was only weakly active on naringin (192),... 

They are generally toxic to most body tissues, and are less potent than exotoxins. They are typified by the following, Escherichia coli (wound infection and septicaemia), Klebsiella pneumoniae (urogenital tract infections). Shigella dysenterlae (dysentery). Salmonella typhosa (typhoid fever), Pasteurella pestis (bubonic plague) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (wound infections and septicaemia). Not all of these endotoxins are fully characterized, and some toxic mechanisms are obscure. 

For the successful route an enantiospecific amidase from Klebsiella oxytoca was isolated, characterized, and cloned and used to resolve (R,S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hy-... 

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is an extracellular enzyme which has been detected in a number of bacteria, mainly Bacillus, but also Paenibaciilus, Klebsiella, Thermoanaerobacterium, Thermoanaerobacter species and Actinomycetes [32], Nearly 30 CGTase genes have been isolated since the first identification of this gene in B. macerans and several of the enzymes have been identified and biochemically characterized [33],... 

Recently, Wahl and Orme-Johnson reported their studies on the characterization and mechanism of the pymvate flavodoxin (ferredoxin) oxidoreductase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium thermoacetium (214). These oxi-doreductases appear to be closely related to that from C. acidiurici (215) in that the iron is present in two Fe4S4 clusters, which act as election acceptors in the catalytic mechanism. However the K. pneumoniae and C. thermoaceticum enzymes may be mechanistically distinct from the H. halobium oxidoreductase (213) in that free radical intermediates are not detected for the former enzymic reaction. EPR signals in the Klebsiella or C. thermoaceticum oxidoreductases are only observed in the fully reduced enzyme when the reductants dithionite or pyruvate and CoASH are present (214). The suggested mechanism for the pyruvate oxidoreductase from K. pneumoniae and C. thermoaceticum is initially similar to the mechanism for all TPP enzymes in that decarboxylation of pyra-vate leads to the formation of hydroxyethyl-TPP. Two one-electron transfers to each of the two Fe-S clusters occur on the binding of CoASH. However, the mechanism for the formation of acetyl-CoA from the hydroxyethyl-TPP intermediate and of the CoASH-induced electron transfers is not yet clear. 

The detailed characterization of the FeMoco site has involved parallel studies of the site within the protein and in its extracted form. The authentication of the extracted FeMoco involves the production and use of mutant organisms that make an inactive FeMo protein that contains all subunits and P clusters, but lacks the FeMoco sites.A mutant of Azotobacter vinelandii called UW-45 (UW = C/niversity of Wisconsin) was first used to assay for isolated FeMoco.Since several genes are involved in specifying FeMoco biosynthesis, mutants lacking these genes produce FeMo protein either lacking FeMoco or having a defective version of FeMoco. Mutants such as NifB of Klebsiella pneumoniae lack cofactor, and an inactive apo protein can be isolated from them. 

Lee MH, Pankratz HS, Wang S, Sgott RA, Ein-negan mg, Johnson MK, Ippolito JA, Christianson DW and Hausinger RP (1993) Purification and characterization of Klebsiella aerogenes UreE protein a nickel-binding protein thatfunc-tions in urease metallocenter assembly. Protein Sd 2 1042-1052. 

Immunomodulating peptides. Enzymatic digests of human caseins contain immunomodulating peptides which stimulate the phagocytic activity of human macrophages in vitro and exert a protective effect in vivo in mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Two of the peptides were characterized as H.Val.Glu.Pro.Ile.Pro.Tyr (/6-CN f54-59) and H.Gly.Leu.Phe (origin not identified). 

---