Klebsiella aerogenes

The degradation of DDT by organisms designated Aerobacter aerogenes (possibly Klebsiella aerogenes) (Wedemeyer 1967) (Figure 2.6), and the partial reductive dechlorination of methoxychlor by K. pneumoniae (Baarschers et al. 1982). 

Bitton, G. and Freihofer, V., Influence of extracellular polysaccharides on the toxicity of copper and cadmium toward Klebsiella aerogenes, Microb Ecol, 4 (2), 119-125, 1977. 

Rudd, T., Sterritt, R.M., and Lester, J.N., Mass balance of heavy metal uptake by encapsulated cultures of Klebsiella aerogenes, Microb Ecol, 9 (3), 261-272, 1983. 

D. E. F. Harrison, Undamped oscillations of pyridine nucleotide and oxygen tension in chemostat cultures of klebsiella aerogenes,/. Cell Biol. 75, 514—521 (1970). 

Colpas GJ, Brayman TG, Ming L-J, Hausinger RP. 1999. Identification of metalbinding residues in the Klebsiella aerogenes urease nickel metallochaperone, UreE. Biochemistry 38 4078-88. 

Klebsiella aerogenes type 25 was obtained was a human pathogen and characterized by Boyd and Turvey (30) as producing a poly(GulA) specific enzyme. 

The crystal structure of urease form Klebsiella aerogenes has recently been determined (47). The two nickel(II) ions in the active site are... 

Even in the absence of a colloid, an electrolyte solution will display electroosmotic flow through a chamber of small dimensions. Therefore the observed particle velocity is the sum of two superimposed effects, namely, the true electrophoretic velocity relative to the stationary liquid and the velocity of the liquid relative to the stationary chamber. Figure 12.10a shows the results of this superpositioning for particles tracked at different depths in the cell. The particles used in this study are cells of the bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes in phosphate buffer. Rather than calculated velocities or mobilities, Figure 12.10a shows the reciprocal of the time... 

FIG. 12.10 Velocity profiles in electrophoresis cells (a) velocity (as time-1) of Klebsiella aerogenes particles as a function of their location in a rectangular electrophoresis cell (redrawn with permission from A. M. James, in Surface and Colloid Science, Vol. 11 (R. J. Good, and R. R. Stromberg, Eds.), Plenum, New York, 1979) (b) location of the surface of zero liquid velocity in a cylindrical capillary. 

Bacterial desiccation and survival of other species in dried soils and mineral powders has been reported (Bitton et al., 1976, Labeda et al., 1976 Dupler Baker, 1984 Moll Vestal, 1992). In many instances the authors did not report soil mineralogical characteristics however, Bitton et al. (1976) showed greater survival of Klebsiella aerogenes under desiccation stress when in soils dominated by montmorillonite as compared to kaolinite. Amendment of montmorillonite to a sandy soil also increased the survival of K. aerogenes and thus produced the greatest increase in survival in these studies as well as those conducted with rhizobia. 

Bitton, G., Lahav, N. Henis, Y. (1974). Movement and retention of Klebsiella aerogenes in soil columns. Plant and Soil, 40, 373-80. 

Aiking, H., Stijnman, A., van Garderen, C., van Heerikhuizen, H. van t Riet, J. (1984). Inorganic phosphate accumulation and cadmium detoxification in Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418 growing in continuous culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 47, 374-7. 

Dimroth, P (1986) Preparation, characterization, and reconstitution of oxaloac-etate decarboxylase from Klebsiella aerogenes, a sodium pump. Methods Enzymol 125, 530—540... 

The pyridoxal-5 -phosphate dependent serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT EC 2.1.2.1) in vivo catalyzes the interconversion of L-serine 158 and glycine 149 by transfer of the /1-carbon of L-serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) by which the activated formaldehyde is physiologically made available as a C,-pool. The reaction is fully reversible and provides a means for the stereoselective synthesis of 158 in vitro from donor 149 and formaldehyde. Economical yields (88-94%) of L-serine have thus been obtained on a multimolar scale using raw cell extracts of recombinant Klebsiella aerogenes or E. coll in a controlled bioreactor at final product concentrations > 450 gl 1 [461,462], Several SHMTs have been purified and characterized from various organisms including animal tissues [463,464], eucaryotic [465] and procaryotic... 

Citrate lyase catalyzes the cleavage of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetate in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, but in the presence of EDTA it catalyzes its synthesis. The enzyme is a complex of three subunits. The y-subunit functions as an acyl carrier protein (ACP). The a-subunit is an acyl transferase involved in citryl-ACP formation and the release of acetate, and the /8-subunit catalyzes the cleavage of the citryl-ACP intermediate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-ACP. The enzyme from Klebsiella aerogenes has been purified, and binds 18 Mn2"1 in a cooperative manner. 

Urease (urea amidohydrolase) is an enzyme first identified over a hundred years ago in bacterial extracts [22], The presence of urease is a virulence factor for some pathogenic bacteria [23,24], It is now known to occur also in plants, fungi, and invertebrates (see [24,25] for reviews). Urease from jack bean was the first enzyme to be crystallized, in 1926. Almost 50 years later its metal content was reexamined and it was found to contain two atoms of nickel per subunit [26]. Finally in 1995 the crystal structure of the enzyme from the enteric bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes was determined [27], Amino-acid sequence comparisons predict that the structures of the plant and bacterial enzymes are similar, although with different subunit arrangements. 

Variable temperature magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) studies have revealed similar electronic and magnetic properties for the nickel centres in Jack bean and Klebsiella aerogenes urease. Native and 2-mercaptoethanol and acetohydroxamic inhibited forms of both enzymes have been investigated and in each case the energy of the temperature dependent MCD for the nickel(II) d-d transitions indicates octahedral coordination with mainly oxygen donors. 

The antibacterial activity of heterobimetallic complexes 572 was determined by the inhibition zone technique (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenous and Pseudomonas... 

Jabri E et al (1995) The crystal structure of urease from Klebsiella aerogenes. Science 268 998-1004 PDBID 2KAU... 

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