Cloning of genes

CLONING OF GENES ENCODING PECTIN-DEGRADING ENZYMES IN AZOSPIRILLIMIRAKENSE... 

Katayama Y, Y Matsushita, M Kaneko, M Kondo, T Mizuno, H Nyunoya (1998) Cloning of genes coding for the three subunits of thiocyanate hydrolase of Thiobacillus thioparus THI 115 and their evolutionary relationships to nitrile hydratase. J Bacterial 180 2583-2589. 

Linkage analysis aids in the cloning of genes by identifying positional candidates. 

Cloning of genes or gene fragments and assessment of relative biologic activities... 

Weightman, A. J.,Don, R. H. J.,Lehrbach, P. R. Timmis, K. N. (1984). The identification and cloning of genes encoding haloaromatic catabolic enzymes and the construction of hybrid pathways for substrate mineralization. Basic Life Sciences, 28, 47-80. 

The colicin El plasmid is a 4.43 MDa circular double stranded DNA molecule consisting of 6646 base pairs.1 Only one site is susceptible to cleavage by the restriction endonuclease ECoRl (Chapter 26) This feature has led to its widespread use in cloning of genes. 

Malaria kills two to four million persons a year and endangers almost a third of the world s population. It has been impossible to produce suitable vaccines for any of these parasites. However, the cloning of genes for individual parasite proteins has given hope that effective vaccines can be devised.6/°-v One problem is the lack of interest in financing the effort.w... 

Gaud, C. and Lightowlers, M.W. (2003) Molecular cloning of genes encoding oncosphere proteins reveals conservation of modular protein structure in cestode antigens. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 127, 193-198. 

In this chapter, we review the cloning of genes involved in the acyl modification of tylosin and the construction of strains that produce acyltylosins, including the important macrolide antibiotic AIV. 

PJ Sykes, G Burns, J Menard, K Hatter, JR Sokatch. Molecular cloning of genes encoding branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida. J Bacteriol 169 1619-1625, 1987. 

The cloning of gene requires, among other procedures,... 

Kantola J, Kunnari T, Hautala A, Hakala J, Ylihonko K, Mantsala P (2000) Elucidation of Anthracyclinone Biosynthesis by Stepwise Cloning of Genes for Anthracyclines from Three Different Streptomyces spp. Microbiology 146 155... 

Tens of thousands of cDNA clones of genes are placed onto a glass slide in a grid formation. Hybridisation of molecular probes (RNA extracts) to the clones is detected using a fluorescence system. By using two sets of probes, labelled with differently coloured fluorescent dyes, it is possible to assess expression differences. 

Development of gene transfer methods into algal cells and cloning of genes for producing useful materials will extend the possibilities of microalgal CO2 mitigation. 

The knowledge of chemosensory communication has grown rapidly over the last ten years since the identification of the first olfactory receptor genes. The subsequent cloning of genes for rodent vomeronasal receptors, which are important in pheromone detection, has revealed an unexpected diversity of around 250 receptors belonging to two structurally different classes. 

We have previously described the isolation and cloning of genes encoding microbial L-amino acid transaminases [40], and the use of site-directed mutagenesis to enhance enzyme function [41]. The reversibility of the reaction has frequently been considered a drawback of transaminase commercial application because it results in reduced yields and complicates product isolation. Through molecular cloning we have constructed bacterial strains that effectively eliminate this concern by removal of the keto acid by-product, and thereby significantly increase the reaction yield. 

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