Klebsiella pneumonia infection

Jarvis, V.R., Munn, V.P., Highsmith, A.K., Culver, D.H., Hughes, J.M. The epidemiology of nosocomial infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect Control 6 (1985) 68-74. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice after intravenous treatment (Meisel and Schlimme, 1996). The mechanism by which milk protein derived peptides exert their immunomodulatory effects is not yet defined. However, opioid peptides may affect the immunoreactivity of lymphocytes via the opiate receptor. There is a remarkable relationship between the immune system and opioid peptides, because opioid p, receptors for endorphins are present on T lymphocytes and human phagocytic leukocytes (Meisel, 1998). 

Henry, M.C., R.Ehrlich, and W.H.Blair. 1969. Effect of nitrogen dioxide on resistance of squirrel monkeys to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Arch. Environ. Health 18(4) 580—587. 

Markart P, Korfhagen TR, Weaver TE, et al. Mouse lysozyme M is important in pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Am. J. Respir. Grit. Care Med., 2004 169(4) 454-458. 

Immunomodulating peptides. Enzymatic digests of human caseins contain immunomodulating peptides which stimulate the phagocytic activity of human macrophages in vitro and exert a protective effect in vivo in mice against Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. Two of the peptides were characterized as H.Val.Glu.Pro.Ile.Pro.Tyr (/6-CN f54-59) and H.Gly.Leu.Phe (origin not identified). 

Goetsch, L., Gonzalez, A., Plotnicky-Gilquin, H., Haeuw, J.F., Aubiy, J.P., Beck, A., Bormefoy, J.Y. and Corvaia, N., 2001, Targeting of nasal mucosa-associated antigen-presenting cells in vivo with an outer membrane protein A derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Immun. 69 6434-6444. 

Chedid, L., M. Parant, F. Parant, P. Lefrancier, J. Choay,andE. Lederer Enhancement of non-specific immunity to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection by a synthetic immuno-adjuvant (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine) and several analogs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74, 2089 (1977). 

Patel G, Huprikar S, Factor SH, Jenkins SG, Calfee DP. Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the impact of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 29 1099 106. 

Meropenem (Merrem IV) inhibits syndiesis of die bacterial cell wall and causes die deadi of susceptible cells. This drug is used for intra-abdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and odier susceptible organisms Meropenem also is effective against bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. 

Arsenicals were ineffective in controlling certain bacterial and viral infections. Mice experimentally infected with bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonias) or viruses (pseudorabies, encephalitis, encephalmyocarditis) showed a significant increase in mortality when treated with large doses of arsenicals compared to nonarsenic-treated groups (NAS 1977 Aranyi et al. 1985). 

The principal infecting organism is Escherichia coli, but Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae account for some infections. Untreated bacteri-uria may result in pyelonephritis, preterm labor, preeclampsia, transient renal failure, and low birth weight. 

The urinary pathogens in complicated or nosocomial infections may include E. coli, which accounts for less than 50% of these infections, Proteus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, and enterococci. Candida spp. have become common causes of urinary infection in the critically ill and chronically catheterized patient. 

Miller, S., and R. Ehrlich. Susceptibility to respiratory infections of animals exposed to ozone. Susceptibility to Klebsiella pneumoniae. J. Infect. Dis. 103 145-149, 1958. 

Mild to moderate uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis, caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis.- 0.5 to 1 g IV/IM q 12 h 7 to 10... 

Intra-abdominal infections Complicated appendicitis and peritonitis caused by viridans group streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacterioides fragilis, Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron, and Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated), including pyelonephritis and cystitis (initial and recurrent) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter sp., and Serratia marcescens. 

Meropenem (Merrem) is another carbapenem antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity comparable to that of imipenem. A methyl group attached at the one-position on the five-member ring confers stability to dehydropeptidase 1. Consequently, meropenem does not require administration with cilastatin. When compared in human trials, imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem achieve similar clinical outcomes in patients with serious intraabdominal and soft tissue infections. Both imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem are used to treat infections caused by highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae producing ESBLs.The major cUnicaUy relevant distinction between imipenem-cilastatin and meropenem... 

A combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is effective treatment for a wide variety of infections including P jiroveci pneumonia, shigellosis, systemic salmonella infections, urinary tract infections, prostatitis, and some nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. It is active against most Staphylococcus aureus strains, both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant, and against respiratory tract pathogens such as the pneumococcus, Haemophilus sp, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (but not Mycoplasma pneumoniae). However, the increasing prevalence of strains of E coli (up to 30% or more) and pneumococci that are resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole must be considered before using this combination for empirical therapy of upper urinary tract infections or pneumonia. 

Klebsiella pneumoniae Pneumonia urinary tract infection 3rd-generation cephalosporin an aminoglycoside Cefuroxime ciprofloxacin ofloxacin ampicillin/ sulbactam amoxicillin/ clavulanate imipenem meropenem trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole... 

Respiratoiy Tract Infections Klebsiella pneumoniae Killed 2.5 ppm... 

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