Key indicators

Any individual point on the curve is obtained by summing the frequencies of all events resulting in that number of fatalities or greater. The slope of the cui ve and the maximum number of fatalities are two key indicators of the degree of risk. 

Turnover rate is a key indicator of how an employer values their employees. Employees who have a career path, are rewarded for good performance, and provide contributions to the success of their employer are less likely to leave. On the other hand, companies with high turnover rates may not provide such good working conditions and the resulting turnover results in employees who may not have much experience. 

Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, an expression of the amount of blood that the heart pumps each minute, are the key Indicators of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Mean arterial pressure is strictly controlled, but by changing the cardiac output, a person can adapt, e.g., to increased oxygen requirement due to increased workload. Blood flow in vital organs may vary for many reasons, but is usually due to decreased cardiac output. However, there can be very dramatic changes in blood pressure, e.g., blood pressure plummets during an anaphylactic allergic reaction. Also cytotoxic chemicals, such as heavy metals, may decrease the blood pressure. 

It s reasonable to expect that you will need to generate interim reports on the pilot test. Such reports would logically include discussion of progress to date, organized to include the key indicators you have been monitoring. In addition, you may wish to include other topics, such as ... 

It is the determination of volatile organic compounds produced from natural products that requires separation techniques that allow isolation of stereoisomers. The most commonly determined groups are the terpene and sesquiterpene species present in essential oils, which are used as key indicators of biological factors such as the growth season, geographic location, climate, etc. These species are also released directly into the atmosphere by very many plants and trees, and make a substantial contribution to global biogeochemical cycles. 

Analysis parameters should be established to monitor the key indices of the compressor s dynamics and failure modes. These indices should include bearings, gear mesh, rotor passing frequencies, and mnning speed. However, because of its sensitivity to process instability and the normal tendency to thmst, the most critical monitoring parameter is axial movement of the male and female rotors. 

Precipitation over North America gradually becomes more acidic from west to east, especially in industrialized areas of the Northeast. This acid rain may be a result of the release of nitrogen and sulfur oxides into the atmosphere. The colors and numbers (see key) indicate pH measured at field laboratories in 2004. Data from National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network http //nadp.sws.uiuc.edu. 

Peel indications differ between light and dark skin. Key indications in Fitzpatrick s skin types I-III include photodamage, rhytides, acne. 

This ability to provide a continuous perspective of key indicators, essentially as they are generated, enables multiple decision processes to proceed in parallel rather than waiting until the end of the study. The approach also has a number of other benehts that may not be immediately apparent but can significantly affect both cost and timelines for development. 

Two key indicators of the effectiveness of registration are whether all products on the market with a medicinal claim have been assessed and registered and whether the... 

Report of the National Institute on Aging. Older Americans 2000 Key Indicators of Well Being, Washington, DC, Aug. 10, 2000. 

User interface objective is to provide direct access to all data and results and to support interactive definition of model control data as well as analysis of key indicators. Specifically, the model control parameters can be set interactively. The most important parameters shown on the left side of the screen header are ... 

A bomb can be considered to contain four functional blocks, namely, a control system, a detonator, a booster, and a main charge. Although a simple ignition fuse can be used as a control system and timing device, the control system is usually more mechanical or electrical in nature. The detection of control systems may be visual, or by magnetometry, or by X-ray. It must be remembered that many of the items involved in the ignition system, that is, clockwork, batteries, or electronic circuitry, are commonplace in ordinary items, such as cameras, mobile telephones, and personal stereos, and are not unique indicators of the presence of a bomb. In fact, it is the presence of explosives that is the key indicator of a bomb. 

Change in key indicators, i.e., mean time between failure, overdue inspections, reduced equipment availability... 

The OECD (1997) addresses biodiversity in agriculture and proposes to consider both domesticated and wild species. The diversity of varieties of crops and livestock breeds, the breadth of the genetic base and the state and trend in the genetic reservoir are the suggested indicators to measure biodiversity on domesticated species. Besides focusing on the number and population of wildlife species, key indicator wildlife species which are representative for certain habitats or are endangered or threatened respectively can be used (OECD 1997). 

Key indicators of alteration and proximity to ore are increased K2O (particularly in the shale component) near complete loss of Na20 increased FeO (particularly in the siltstone-sandstone component) and increased CO2 in shale. These changes reflect the development of iron carbonate (siderite and ankerite) by carbonate introduction and some alteration of existing calcic carbonate in siltstone-sandstone samples. Destruction of albite, absence of chlorite and increased abundance of muscovite due to potassic alteration, are the other major mineral alteration effects in the altered host rocks. Trace elements enriched in the primary dispersion zone are Zn, Pb, Ag, Sb, As, Rb, and TI. Antimony provides the most consistent and extensive trace element dispersion halo around the deposit and is also preserved in most of... 

Fig. 12 Change in various hydrologically relevant basin characteristics with increasing mean altitude [81], Points Data from the 1,068 base regions in Switzerland. Line Average change in key indicators with altitude...

The analytical procedures for Level 3 are specific to selected components identified by Level 2 analysis and are oriented toward determining the time variation in the concentrations of key indicator materials. In general, the analysis will be optimized to a specific set of stream conditions and will therefore not be as complex or expensive as the Level 2 methods. Both manual and instrumental techniques may be used, provided they can be implemented at the process site. Continuous monitors for selected pollutants should be incorporated in the analysis program as an aid in interpreting the data acquired through manual techniques. The total Level 3 analysis program should also include the use of Level 2 analysis at selected intervals as a check on the validity of the key indicator materials which reflect process variability. 

Based on the kno vledge of the processes of T cell sensitization by chemicals and the importance of T cells in induction of autoimmune diseases a number of key indicators of autoimmunogenic compounds can be defined. These include the possibility to be subject of metabolic conversion (either intra- or extra-hepatically), the capacity to activate dendritic cells, to induce cytokine production (in any cell type), or the potency to cause cell stress or cell death. Most of these processes can be studied in vitro, but none of the available methods have been tested for this purpose and often chemicals may behave completely different in vitro than in vivo. However, much can be learned from initiatives to design alternative methods for contact allergens, as many of these basic processes that lead to T cell sensitization are similar for allergenic and autoimmunogenic chemicals. 

Another key indicator of structure in organometallic compounds are bond angles involving the metal center. Trends in bond angles among closely-related systems may relate to steric and/or electronic requirements, and the ability of calculations to reproduce such trends should, therefore, reflect on their ability to account for such factors. 

In experiments on BALB/c mice Enterosgel administered at the dose of 116 mg per animal for 2 weeks have not demonstrated immunotoxic properties according to key indices of humoral and cellular immunity. At the same time its positive influence on activity of peritoneal macrophages of experimental animals has been registered. 

The error of an analytical result is related to the (in)accuracy of an analytical method and consists of a systematic component and a random component [14]. Precision and bias studies form the basis for evaluation of the accuracy of an analytical method [18]. The accuracy of results only relates to the fitness for purpose of an analytical system assessed by method validation. Reliability of results however has to do with more than method validation alone. MU is more than just a singlefigure expression of accuracy. It covers all sources of errors which are relevant for all analyte concentration levels. MU is a key indicator of both fitness for purpose and reliability of results, binding together the ideas of fitness for purpose and quality control (QC) and thus covering the whole QA system [4,37]. 

The purpose of an analytical method is the deliverance of a qualitative and/or quantitative result with an acceptable uncertainty level. Therefore, theoretically, validation boils down to measuring uncertainty . In practice, method validation is done by evaluating a series of method performance characteristics, such as precision, trueness, selectivity/specificity, linearity, operating range, recovery, LOD, limit of quantification (LOQ), sensitivity, ruggedness/robustness, and applicability. Calibration and traceability have been mentioned also as performance characteristics of a method [2, 4]. To these performance parameters, MU can be added, although MU is a key indicator for both fitness for purpose of a method and constant reliability of analytical results achieved in a laboratory (IQC). MU is a comprehensive parameter covering all sources of error and thus more than method validation alone. 

While in the analysis of the drug abuse situation and drug abuse trends all these indicators were considered, when it came to provide a global com parison a choice was made to rely on the one key indicator that is most available and provides an idea of the magnitude for the drug abuse situation annual prevalence among the population aged 15 to 64. 

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