Dark skin

On evaporation oti a watcr-batb, sweel orange oil yields from J-.O lo 4 per cent, ot fixed ru.sidue, which has an acid value of H to 30 and an ester value of li-o lo 170. Spanish orange oil, however, which is expressed From a dark-skinned orange, yields from 7 to 0 pur cent. o[ fixed... 

Actinic keratoses Dark skin Melasma Photoaging... 

Originally, the ideal patient for deep chemical peel was a blond, blue-eyed woman of fair complexion. Our experience shows that phenol-based peels can be safely performed on olive- and dark-skinned patients with dark eyes... 

Fig. 8.4c, d Dark-skinned women are also possible candidates for deep chemical peels. Note the accentuation of intradermal nevus next to the left ala nasi following the peel (d)... 

Fig. 8.13. Sixty-three-year-old dark-skinned woman before (a) and 2 months after (b) deep peeling. Note the effect on the upper eyelid retraction and dramatic improvement of upper lip wrinkles...

Exoderm phenol-based peeling in olive and dark skinned patients. Int J Cosm Surgery Aesthet Dermatol 200i 3 173-178... 

After the procedure, the patient is advised to use water-based lotion creams and potent sunscreens. The erythema gradually resolves over about a 2-month period. During this time, makeup foundation is encouraged. In patients with dark skin (Fitzpatrick skin type 3 or 4), the application of Kligman preparation is recommended to prevent reactive hyperpigmentation. Systemic Isotretinoin is required in some patients and can be prescribed as soon as 2-3 weeks after the procedure, if no other surgical intervention is planned in the near future. 

Al-Waiz MM, Al- Sharqi AI (2002) Medium-depth chemical peels in the treatment of acne scars in dark-skinned individuals. Dermatol Surg 28 383-387... 

Roberts WE (2004) Chemical peeling in ethnic/-dark skin. Dermatologic Therapy 17 196... 

Dark skin is a commonly used phrase to describe people of color. Other terms used to describe darker skin types include ethnic skin, brown skin, and pigmented skin. The unifying feature represented is pigmented skin (i.e., shades of tan, olive, brown, and black). Such individuals are often classified as Fitzpatrick s skin types IV through VI. These individuals represent many of the faces of North America, South America, Africa, the Caribbean, Asia, Malaysia, and Australia. 

Morphologic and Physiologic Skin Differences in Dark Skin... 

Peel indications differ between light and dark skin. Key indications in Fitzpatrick s skin types I-III include photodamage, rhytides, acne. 

Tretinoin 1% has also been used as a chemical peeling agent [22,23]. The efficacy of tretinoin peels was compared with glycolic acid peels in the treatment of melasma in dark skinned patients [23]. In a split face study of ten Indian women, 1% tretinoin was applied to one half of the face, while 70% glycolic acid was applied to the opposite side. Peels were performed weekly. Significant improvement occurred on both sides as assessed by photographs and a Modi-... 

In a histometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study, TCA peeling in concentrations of 10,20 and 30% were compared with dermabrasion in nine dark-skinned patients (Fitzpatrick s IV and V) with photodamage [24]. Both procedures induced increasing amounts of types I and III collagen. However,... 

Sarkar R, Kaur C, Bhalla M, et al (2002) The combination of glycolic acid peels with a topical regimen in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients a comparative study. Dermatol Surg 28 828-832... 

Khunger N, Sarkar R, Jain RK (2004) Tretinoin peels versus glycolic acid peels in the treatment of melasma in dark-skinned patients. Dermatol Surg 25 270-273... 

Chemical peels can be performed both in fair and dark skin types, but in the latter case a ten-... 

Ethnicity Caucasian Caucasian Caucasian African-American, Asians, Hispanics Most common in Caucasians, rare in dark-skinned people Most common in African descendants... 

Pharmacists should tell their sun-deprived, fairskinned patrons not to spend more than 15-20 minutes in the mid-day sun (10 00 a.m. to 3 00 p.m.) on first exposure when traveling to vacation spots such as Florida [18]. This is ample, safe exposure to initiate the tanning response in those who are able to tan. Exposures can be increased incrementally by 15 minutes a day until a 45-minute tolerance is developed, which is generally an adequate level of sun protection in conjunction with the use of sunscreens. It should be obvious that dark-skinned people are already heavily pigmented and thus far less susceptible to burning. Other individuals don t tan at all and must apply sunscreens with high protection factors before sun bathing. 

Traveling around the state installing his machinery, Rillieux had to stay on slave-operated plantations. Like many free people of color, Rillieux may have regarded himself as the equal of the white ruling class, far above dark-skinned slaves. But in the antebellum South, Rillieux could not stay in the plantations mansions. Rumor had it that he stayed in slave quarters, but a firsthand observer reported that on Benjamin s plantation Rillieux was given a special house and slaves to serve him. 

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