Main charge

To make a decorated plate, the mold is opened shortly after the main charge of molding compound has been pressed iato shape, the decorative foil is laid ia the mold on top of the partially cured plate, ptinted side down, and the mold closed again to complete the curing process. The melamiae-treated foil is thus fused to the molded plate and, as with the decorative lamiaate, the overlay becomes transparent so that the ptinted design shows through yet is protected by the film of cured resia. 

Kem-isomer, n. nuclear isomer, ring isomer, -isomerie, /. nucleus (or nuclear) isomerism, -kbrper, m., -korperchen, n. nucleolus, -la-dung,/. nuclear charge main charge, -la-dungszahl, /. nuclear-charge number, atomic number, -leder, n. butt or bend leather. 

Electron-hopping is the main charge-transport mechanism in ECHB materials. There is precedence in the photoconductivity Held for improved charge transport by incorporating a number of redox sites into the same molecule. A number of attempts to adapt this approach for ECHB materials have been documented. Many use the oxadiazole core as the electron-transport moiety and examples include radialene 40 and dendrimer 41. However, these newer systems do not offer significant improvements in electron injection over the parent PBD. 

Magnet Fuse (pronounced Fuzee). A medium power electric detonator, invented in 1854 by Abel, which was fired electrically. The original fuze contd a priming mixt of Cu20, Cu2S and K chlorate packed around the exposed wire leads, and a main charge of either mealed pdr or MF. 

It was used primarily in submarine mines. Because of the sensitivity of the fuse, the main charge was replaced with a mixt of powd graphite and MF. At about the same time, an Austrian, Gen von Ebner, independently invented a fuze resembling Abel s, but contg a priming mixt of Sb sulfide 44, K chlorate 44 and graphite 12%. Both of these fuzees replaced, in Europe, the Statham fuze, which had been in use since 1840... 

What has been described so far constitutes only one half of the friction primer, ie, the main charge, contained in a cylindrical cup. Centrally located in the K chlorate mixt was a loop of braided wire, coated with red P (90%) and dried shellac (10%). Any mixt of red P with K. chlorate was, and still is, very sensitive, hazardous, and unpredictable. There is ample reason to understand why friction primers were abandoned and replaced with spring-actuated firing pins to fire percussion primers and carry the sequence thru a suitable expl train... 

If, on the other hand, the impurity is an electron acceptor (here, elements of group III), then the new acceptor band lies closely above the valence band (see Fig. 2.3B). The electrons from the valence band pass readily into this new band and leave holes behind. These holes are the main charge carriers in p-type semiconductors. 

The problem of ion transfer across the interface has been treated in detail by Sato,26,27 Scully,28 and also Valand and Heus-ler,29 following the general theory of Vetter.30 Valand and Heusler assumed the same type of activation-controlled charge transfer kinetics, except that the dominant charge here is that on the O2-ions (or OH- ions) obtained by splitting water at the interface. The electrochemical double layer here is of the usual type for aqueous systems and the equilibrium p.d. is determined by the main charge transfer reaction... 

The tetranitroaniline is destabilized by steric interaction between three neighboring nitro groups. It has been used as an explosive booster (a moderately sensitive explosive between the detonator and the main charge that magnifies the shock from the detonator to start the detonation in the more insensitive main charge)94. 

The functional components of a bomb are a control system, detonator, booster, and a main charge. Such threats can often be recognized from their shape. These can be viewed as bulk detection issues, historically addressed by imaging techniques such as sight or touch. Other threats may take no particular physical form and can only be recognized by their chemical composition. These are often trace detection issues, historically detected by the sense of taste or smell. 

A bomb can be considered to contain four functional blocks, namely, a control system, a detonator, a booster, and a main charge. Although a simple ignition fuse can be used as a control system and timing device, the control system is usually more mechanical or electrical in nature. The detection of control systems may be visual, or by magnetometry, or by X-ray. It must be remembered that many of the items involved in the ignition system, that is, clockwork, batteries, or electronic circuitry, are commonplace in ordinary items, such as cameras, mobile telephones, and personal stereos, and are not unique indicators of the presence of a bomb. In fact, it is the presence of explosives that is the key indicator of a bomb. 

Explosives are classed as primary or secondary. Typically, a small quantity of a primary explosive would be used in a detonator (known colloquially as a cap ), whereas larger quantities of secondary explosives are used in the booster and the main charge of a device. This collection of explosives is known as an explosive train in which a signal (mechanical, thermal, or electrical) from the control system is converted first into a small explosive shock from the detonator, which in turn initiates a more powerful explosion in the booster, which amplifies the shock into the main charge. 

The Palestinians have utilized UNi as a main charge explosive for many years. Along with TATP (to be discussed in the next section), it remains one of the main explosives in the Palestinian arsenal. A photograph taken by the author in the Gaza Strip shows a sample of Palestinian UNi (see Fig. 3.3). Urea in fertilizer form is seldom pure. It carries a good number of impurities that create a beige color in the final UNi. 

In an example of how quickly technology travels from one terrorist group to another, the attacks in Casablanca, Morocco, in May of 2003 utilized a TATP formulation first seen a couple years earlier in Palestinian attacks in Israel. TATP has also become one of the main charges utilized by Communist terrorist groups in Turkey over the last couple of years. TATP charges ranging from 1 to 20 lb are not uncommon. 

It should be noted that the use of chlorate has not been limited to Bali. Two more attacks using chlorate-based improvised explosives occurred in Indonesia followed the Bali bombing. On August 5, 2003, the J.W. Marriott hotel was bombed in Jakarta. In an even bolder attack the Australian Embassy in Jakarta was bombed on September 9, 2004. This continued reliance on a highly sensitive main charge in Indonesia illustrates that terrorists will utilize whatever tools are at their disposal regardless of the risks. 

Without disturbing the main charge, cut the detonating cord or other leads between the disarmed firing device and the main charge. 

If deton vel of an initiator (of optional length and of the same diam as the main charge), were higher than deton vel of the main chge, the deton proceeded for a length of a few cms in the main chge at vel higher than ks normal value, D,jet. This is shown by curve 3 of Fig 2 Curve 4 of Fig 2 shows the case of deton which fades after its vel reaches the critical value Dcr... 

Base Charge in Detonators, also known as main charge, is defined in the text under Detonators, etc... 

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