Dendritic cells activation

The Concept of Migration-Dependent Dendritic Cell Activation... 

Sun H, Pollock KG, Brewer JM (2003) Analysis of the role of vaccine adjuvants in modulating dendritic cell activation and antigen presentation in vitro. Vaccine 21 849-855... 

Sporri R, Reis e Sousa C Inflammatory mediators are insufficient for full dendritic cell activation and promote expansion of CD4+ T cell populations lacking helper function. Nat Immunol 2005 6 163-170. 

One of the important relay stations in the immune system activation is the dendritic cell. Activation of these cells causes the most efficient stimulation of T-cells, which in turn attack tumor cells (9). This turned the dendritic cells (DCs) into the focus of modern immune research and therapy. However, another difficulty appeared that became a problem recently. In order to activate the dendritic cell, the antigen has to be present in the cytosol and has to be processed there further this is not an easy task to perform. 

Cutaneous reactions such as rash or Stevens-Johnson syndrome are also consist with initiation through protein haptenation, although in this case dendritic cell activation/ migration and T-cell propagation are involved [31]. Other immune mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which may be linked to the formation of reactive metabolites may also be implicated, as may specific processes occurring at the level of the keratinocyte. 

MacDonald, A.S., Straw, A.D., Bauman, B. and Pearce, E.J. (2001) CD8-dendritic cell activation status plays an integral role in influencing Th2 response development. The journal of Immunology 1 67, 1 982-1 988. 

Impaired function of phagocytes and deficiency of early components of the classic pathway of the complement system result in increased apoptotic waste. This waste, including nucleosomes and other autoantigens, is formed and altered by the protease of apoptotic cells. They are expressed on the surface of apoptotic blebs and activate bystander dendritic cells. Subsequently the dendritic cells activate helper T cells, which then help B cells to generate high-affinity autoantibodies (Fig. 1). 

FIGURE 1.1 Probiotics may protect against infection by pathogens through (1) Direct antagonism via bacteriocin production. (2) Immunomodulation via immune cell (T-cell, Dendritic cell) activation. (3) Improvement of epithelial barrier function and competitive exclusion via induction of mucus and blocking of epithelial binding receptors. 

Aeby P, Wyss C, Beck H, Griem P, Scheffler H, Goebel C Characterization ofthe sensitizing potential of chemicals by in vitro analysis of dendritic cell activation and skin penetration. J Invest Dermatol 2004 122 1154-64. 

Gilliet M, Soumelis Y Watanabe N, Hanabuchi S, Antonenko S, de Waal-Malefyt R, Liu YJ Human dendritic cells activated by TSLP and CD40L induce proalleigic cytotoxic T cells. J Exp Med 2003 197 1059-1063. 

Banchereau J, Pascual V, Palucka AK. Autoimmunity through cytokine-induced dendritic cell activation. Immunity 2004 20 539-550. 

Ibnon S, Goridy S, Aksoy E et aL Bordctclla pcttiissis toxin induces the rdease of inflammatory cytokines and dendritic cell activation in whole blood Impaired responses in human newborns. Eur J Immunol 2002 32(11) 3118-3125. 

Lavelle EC, McNeela E, Armstrong ME ct al. Cholera toxin promotes the induction of regulatory T-cells specific for bystander antigens by modulating dendritic cell activation. J Immunol 2003 171(5) 2384-2392. 

TECK Thymocytes, splenic dendritic cells, activated macrophages 7... 

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