Just-in-time delivery

Establish an inventory management system that enables FIFO and just-in-time deliveries and shipments. 

Service - Chemicals are still purchased on a price per kilogram basis. The supplier offers additional services such as just-in-time delivery, direct electronic ordering via an Electronic Data Interface, routine analysis of process streams and advice on chemicals usage, etc. The supplier still has an incentive to sell more chemicals, but does have more to lose should the end user change supplier. 

Commodity markets are also characterized by more intense competition in supply and demand with multiple offering suppliers and multiple demanding customers. This causes the fact that a customer can change to a different supplier and a supplier can supply alternative customers more easily compared to specialty markets. Specialty markets are also often characterized by close cooperation between customer and supplier e.g. using just-in-time delivery in the automotive industry requiring a close integration and collaboration. 

Note that positive measures can be taken to eliminate the potential for inadvertent mixing such as by storage segregation, elimination of excess inventory, just-in-time delivery, or in-situ manufacturing. If so, then you may be able to significantly reduce the number of potential scenarios that need evaluation. 

Just-in-time delivery in an environment like this means that in order to build an order with variety or a new combination of treatments in a medical drug, every component must be in place on time and in good condition, which is a very difficult criterion to satisfy. 

Just-in-time delivery 1 Filling, packaging, labeling... 

Most deliveries of feeding fats are made by insulated tank truck, which allows users without raihoad sidings to be serviced, just-in-time deliveries, reduced numbers of local storage tanks, and rapid delivery while the fat remains hot. The industry and its contract haulers take pride in their equipment, and an inedible tallow tank truck looks little different from other milk or liquid ingredients trucks if kept clean. 

Digital tools provide instantaneous distributed access to original experience. In a paperless world, one that is mobile, wireless, and extremely portable, customers seek data versus documents. Documents have become data embedded in inseparable multiple layered architectures. Technological and economic forces have essentially redefined document formats and purposes. The goal is more and more to preserve or re-create the immediacy of a communicative act, just-in-time delivery, real-time updates. 

For many companies, the supply chain is their greatest challenge, requiring new systems of communication and evaluation. While demanding more from suppliers in the form of higher quality at lower prices and just-in-time delivery, companies are finding their brand inextricably linked to the behavior and practices of their... 

Heavily sapstained pine has a dull blue colour. Indeed the sapwood of maritime pine, Finns pinaster, when imported to Britain from the Continent early in the last century was described as such no just in time delivery 100 years ago. 

An illustrative example of a typical QFD is given in Figs. 5 and 6. A customer desires high purity alcohol, at reasonable cost with just in time delivery. The five steps in a QFDl (Fig. 5A) are ... 

The next step to take is to look at where the costs of the supply chain are incurred in your part of the chain. Are you located near your major suppliers or are they far away Do you use just-in-time deliveries These are some of the questions that should be asked. Some of the categories of costs that occur in the supply chain are ... 

One major automobile manufacturer was concerned about the use of urethane coatings with regard to solvent safety and emissions regulations. The cost and size of the complex coating supply and solvent evaporation equipment were other issues. Also, a 2 hr oven time limited the type of board it could coat and presented a severe handicap to short-run production and just-in-time delivery systems. 

Consider contexts when capacity decisions have to be made in advance of demand realization. In the apparel industry, capacity has to be chosen eight to twelve months ahead of demand. In the auto industry, plans for capacity configurations at plants are made several years in advance. For infrastructure decisions, such as highway construction, decisions may be made fifteen to twenty years in advance. In a just-in-time delivery context, decisions may be made four hours in advance ([52]). Clearly the main question is the extent of demand uncertainty when decisions are made and the consequences of having an inadequate level of capacity. In addition, if the capacity decision maker is different from the information provider, incentive effects have to be considered. Hence the need for coordination agreements (as discussed in Chapter 5). However, the availability of alternate sources of capacity, albeit at a higher cost, can relieve the pressure to commit to capacity in advance. 

In order to cut costs, manufacturing firms are increasingly asking for "just-in-time" delivery of raw materials. Laboratories might well borrow this strategy. A quantity of hazardous chemical not ordered is one to which workers are not exposed, for which appropriate storage need not be found, which need not be tracked in an inventory control system, and which will not end up requiring costly disposal when it becomes a waste. 

The supply chain for fasteners was also in a state of flux. Many non-Boeing customers, to cut internal costs, were turning to distributors for fasteners — rather than buy fasteners directly from producers such as Acme. This displaced manufacturers from dealing directly with the aircraft manufacturers, or OEMs, that were the end-users of fasteners. For these users, buying from distributors brought lower inventory, just-in-time delivery to assembly lines, and reduced purchasing overhead. End-users also imposed strict service standards for replenishing stocks on distributors. 

Golhar, D.Y and B.R. Sarker, Economic Manufacturing Quantity in a Just-In-Time Delivery System , International Journal of Production Research, 30(1992), 961-972. 

Use action-oriented training. In a successful initiative, personnel are trained for their roles and responsibilities immediately before they are to be performed. Such a mechanism provides newly trained personnel with success and guidance feedback as they assume new roles—a training version of just-in-time delivery. 

Inventory policy. This provides accountability for budgets, spare parts, and materials. Ordering policies (just-in-time delivery, min/max levels, auto reorder, etc.), cover critical equipment, cycle coimting, and estabhshing and maintaining critical spare parts, among others. 

Just-in-time deliveries have to be secured by high safety stock levels. 

The best buyer does not have a chance under these circumstances to even get close to just-in-time deliveries. 

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