Journal articles, abstract examples

Like the journal article abstract, most conference abstracts have strict word limitations (typically between 150 and 200 words). Adherence to this limit is expected your abstract will likely be rejected if the limit is exceeded. Many other formatting specifications must also be followed. For example, most instructions include rules for formatting your title, author list, graphics, and special characters (e.g., pm, a, <, m ). The reason for such specificity is that your abstract, if accepted, will be printed (as is) in conference proceedings. Adherence to these guidelines by all authors ensures that the proceedings appear uniform and professional. 

Although the bulk of the journal article is written for experts, a few sections are often accessible to less sophisticated readers. For example, general or summative remarks in the abstract, Introduction section, and conclusions are often accessible to a scientihc audience, allowing those readers to grasp the key concepts of the work. Similarly, many chemistry journals include features (e.g., book reviews, editorials, and news articles) that are written specihcally for scientihc and general audiences. 

Redundancy is also common in sections of a work that have overlapping purposes. Examples include the abstract of a journal article or the Project Summary of a research proposal each has the purpose of summarizing key points from the accompanying document. Although information can be repeated in the abstract or Project Summary, authors are required to state the information differently, resisting the temptation to merely copy sentences from other sections of their work. Another vulnerable place for redundancy is in the Discussion section of a journal article, which shares several overlapping purposes with the Introduction section. For example, beginning writers sometimes repeat the fill-the-gap statement of the Introduction (e.g., In this work, we measured ) in the sum-... 

The works cited in this book (i.e., excerpts from ACS journal articles, conference abstracts, and research proposals) are reproduced as written with only slight modifications as needed to adhere to journal-specific (according to the journal s Information for Authors) or ACS guidelines (according to The ACS Style Guide 3 ed.), for example,... 

More recently, nontraditional polymerization strategies have evolved to produce a fourth new major polymer architectural class, now referred to as dendritic polymers. This new architectural polymer class consists of four major subsets, namely (a) random hyperbranched, (b) dendrigrafts, (c) dendrons, and (d) dendrimers. Dendrimers, the most extensively studied subset, were discovered by the Tomalia group while at The Dow Chemical Company laboratories (1979). They represent the first example of synthetic, macro-molecular dendritic architecture [33,34]. First use of the term dendrimer appeared in preprints for the 1st SPSJ International Polymer Conference held in Kyoto, Japan (1984). The following year, a full article Polymer Journal, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 117-132 (1985)) (see article abstract. Fig. 42.7) described the first preparation of a complete family of... 

Secondly, chemical IR may be thought of as a specialized index into the scientific and patent literature, with the chemical structure representing an extremely condensed abstract of the journal article or patent document. In this sense, the structures are not stored for their intrinsic interest, but as pointers to other documents, some of which, for example, may be related to their synthesis, physicochemical properties and numeric data, or applications. This is the sense in which a few data vendors supply chemical and reaction databases (Derwent and Institute for Scientific Information), and the alternate sense in which the CAS databases may be used. The use of CIR systems in synthesis design - providing access, for example, to databases of reagents or starting materials, or of name reactions - provides a crucial tool for the contemporary chemical and pharmaceutical industry. 

The above example, of course, is relatively abstract and academic , and as such perhaps not of too much interest to the majority. Another example, with more practical application, is transfer of calibration models from one instrument to another. This is an endeavor of enormous current practical importance. Witness that hardly a month passes without at least one article on that topic in one or more of the analytical or spectroscopic journals. Yet all those reports are the same Effect of Data Treatment ABC Combined with Algorithm XYZ Compared to Algorithm UVW or some such they are all completely empirical studies. In themselves there is nothing wrong with that. The problem is that there is nothing else. There are no critical reviews summarizing all this work and extracting those aspects that are common and beneficial (or common and harmful, for that matter). 

The 4f/-imidazoles have not previously been reviewed comprehensively. In earlier reviews on the H compounds " isolated examples are discussed, although in a later work a more thorough treatment has been given. An attempt has been made in the present article to include all known AH-imidazoles using a CAS on line substructure computer search. Chemical Abstracts have been covered up to and including Issue 4 of Volume 97, and a few additional references have been included directly from the more common international journals. Structures having exocyclic double bonds have been excluded benz-fused systems cannot be drawn in this series. 

Additional abstract sources are Chemisches Zentralblatt, Analytical Abstracts, and the Bibliography Section of the Journal of Chromatography. As pointed out previously, any research journal may have an article in which GC was used. In this case, the researcher should go to the journal for the specific area and/or topic, for example. Analytical Biochemistry, Food Technology, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal of the American Oil Chemist s Society, Clinical Chemistry, Journal of Chemical Physics. 

A list of more than 200 additional journals has been made from the bibliographies of books and reviews, indexes, and abstracts. This is evidence of the fact that the cereal chemists enjoys the universal predicament of all scientists. It points out clearly his dependence on abstracts and indexes, not only for maintaining inroads to past experience and inventions, but for keeping abreast with current literature. The cereal chemist, for example, may or may not have seen the article in the Journal of Colloid Science entitled The Action of Polyoxyethylene Monostearate upon Starch with Reference to Its Softening Action in Bread (8). 

Figure 7.3. An example of a PubMed record in Abstract format as returned through Entrez. This Abstract view for the first reference shown in Figure 7.2. This view provides links to Related Articles, Books, LinkOut, and the actual, full-text journal paper. See text for details.

The basic repository of the information is the primary literature. The vast majority of information occurs in the journal Uterature although patents and reports also play a significant part. The size of this primary literature presents severe problems to scientists attempting to use it to find items of interest to them. For example. Chemical Abstracts Service currently scan more than 13,000 journals of chemical interest, and select some 300,000 articles per year. This body of literature is growing at a rate of about 9% per annum compounded There have long been expectations that this rate would slow down, but so far there is no evidence of any abatement >. Faced with this volume of literature, it appears that most chemists find time to read only 5—10 primary journals regularly >8), whereas there is evidence that for most chemists items of interest occur in at least 20 journals, even over a relatively short period of time. For fairly broad topics such as "Electrochemistry , Cahn (Ref. 3, Appendix XI) showed that relevant references occurred in well over 100 different journals in the course of a year. 

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