Issues for future development

Boorady LM, Barker J, Lee Y, Lin S, Cho E, Ashdown SP. Exploration of firefighter turnout gear part 1 identifying male firefighter user needs. J Text Apparel Technol Manag 2013 8(1) 1-13. 

Personal protective equipment for the oil and gas industry. Text J 2013 130(2) 31-8. 

Crown EM, Dale JD. Protection for workers in the oil and gas industries. In Scott RA, editor. Textiles for protection. Cambridge Woodhead Publishing 2005. p. 699-713. 

Gonzalez JA, Rizvi SA, Crown EM, Smy PR. A modified version of proposed ASTM E23.20 correlation with human body experiments on static propensity. In Performance of protective clothing, vol. 6. West Conshohocken, PA American Society for Testing and Materials 1997. p. 47-61. ASTM STP 1273. 

---

The prediction of the phase behavior of mixtures of solvents with supercritical gases using an EOS is an area of ongoing research, and there are several emerging methods, such as those recently proposed by Dahl, Fredenslund, and Rasmussen (1991), Apostolou, Kalospiros, andTas.sios (1995), and Fischer and Gmehling (1995) that are all based on the EOS-G combination and use a predictive excess free-energy model such as UNIFAC for the G term. Here we use two such EOS-G models to demonstrate the capabilities of these models and to address several issues for future development in this area. 

In this chapter, issues in personal thermal protection are discussed, focusing on the needs of workers in selected sectors energy (oil and gas), electrical, other industry sectors, and both structural and wildland firefighting. The important protection concerns for workers in each sector are discussed, followed by a discussion of potential trade-offs between thermal protection and thermal comfort. Clothing issues such as fit, comfort, and other ergonomic factors are briefly discussed. Recent developments in protective textile materials are followed by a diseussion of serviceability concerns, including durability and maintenance. A review of international performance standards is followed by a summary of the development of test methods to assess protection from heat, flame, hot liquids, and steam. Issues for future development of technical textiles for personal thermal protection are then discussed briefly. 

Two years ago, Advances in Catalysis featured a chapter on chemisorbed intermediates in electrocatalysis. In this issue we follow up with a chapter by Wendt, Rausch, and Borucinski, Advances in Applied Electrocatalysis. The successful commercial application of electrocatalysis requires a detailed, fundamental knowledge of the many catalytic phenomena such as adsorption, diffusion, and superimposition of catalyst micro- and nanostructure on the special requirements of electrode behavior. Considerable understanding of the status and limitations of electrolysis, fuel cells, and electro-organic syntheses has been obtained and provides a sound basis for future developments. 

Major issues stem from the fact that toxicology is in a stage of rapid development, and the harmonization of testing approaches rests on skill and judgment, not necessarily on purely scientific criteria. Accordingly, the guidelines represent an agreed basic approach, which must serve as a foundation for future development... 

In the following we consider the nature of LIFS in more detail. The theoretical foundations of laser excitation and fluorescence are outlined and such issues as detectability and dynamic range are discussed. Finally the status of LIFS is summarized and a prognosis for future development given. 

A strong demand for future developments concerns information technology issues. The overall contribution of analytics strongly depends on the question how efficient data storage, processing, interpretation, mining, and in particular the difficult data-to-knowledge transformation is achieved. 

The Cannabis Buyers Club was the best known of such establishments, but it is not alone. Similar clubs exist overtly or covertly in cities and towns throughout the United States. The extent to which these clubs remain open is uncertain. The Cannabis Buyers Club was afforded a bit more security by the 1996 passage of California Proposition 215, which permitted use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. But more recently, in 2002, a federal injunction issued in California halted—at least temporarily—distribution of marijuana at this and other such clubs. Stay tuned for future developments on the state and national levels. 

In one example particular stereochemical issues were addressed. Silyl enol ether 77 undergoes palladium-catalyzed 1,6-ECRC with a modest level of stereoinduction to afford a diastereomer-ic mixture [d.r. eisl trails) 2 1], These initial results should stimulate further investigation into transition-metal-catalyzed ECRCs and have the potential for future development of chiral metal catalysts for such processes. 

Both starting raw materials (2-cyclohexylethanol and ethyl cyclohexylacetate) were available on large scales and did not represent a sourcing issue for future manufacturing. Both processes developed gave the cyclohexylaldehyde in high yield (80%). 

The mechanism of extraction of metal ions such as actinides and heavy metals is well understood at the molecular level. For extraction of metals from environmental systems, water content is found to be an in rtant parameter in the reaction scheme. Extraction from soils and other solid matrices was demonstrated at a small scale witii similar efficiency to tiiat of the US EPA TCLP test. The main areas for future development in this technology are the issues surrounding process scale up. 

Standards look backward in time. They address technical issues from the past, and so may not be up to date with regard to the latest technology and management systems. Moreover, standards cannot provide guidance for future developments and technologies. 

Note A an issue that should go into the initial plan B an issue with a need to gather information and put into the plan now C an issue requiring further research to be placed into the plan later and D no action needed on this issue. Monitor the situation for future developments... 

Volume V addresses corrosion, environmental issues, and future developments. Chapter 14 covers the principles of corrosion and how to minimize corrosion in chlor-alkali operations, exemplified by case studies. Alternate processes for producing chlorine and caustic are outlined in Chapter 15. 

The paper describes how the SRM has been developed up to the issue of version 3 in February 2003 and the plans for future development. 

---