Installation requirements for

Part 3 Building and installation requirements for functional safety of process control systems under emergency conditions (December 1998)... 

Installation requirements for rotary positive-displacement compressors are similar to any rotating machine. Review the installation requirements for centrifugal pumps and compressors for foundation, pressure-relief, and other requirements. As with centrifugal compressors, rotary positive-displacement compressors must be fitted with pressure-relief devices to limit the discharge or inter-stage pressures to a safe maximum for the equipment served. 

Other of such standards which are useful are the EN 764-7 and EN 12952-10 Water-tube boilers and auxiliary installations - Requirements for safeguards against excessive pressure. Although its Annex ZA shows that it supports the PED clauses 2.11 and 7.3, this standard does not give any indication on the set pressure and the overpressure of the Safety Relief Valves, in which case one can refer back to the above. 

Installation requirements for hardware and operating systems used for validated systems. 

Over the past 5 years, many HMOs have installed requirements for generic substitution, have allowed therapeutic interchange between two drugs of the same class and have increased the use of step-therapy, a form of precertification. (Step-therapy dmgs are not covered until one or more alternative drugs appropriate to the patients condition have been tried first.)... 

Technical installations required for lithium-ion battery production and their effects on time-to-start-of-production, associated costs, and... 

We can also provide more specific design and installation requirements for the system in each zone, for example ... 

In this subsection only built-in installations required for storage and distribution of pharmaceutical water are discussed. Apparatus for the production of pharmaceutical water are discussed in Sect. 28.4. 

Installation of the instrument and where it is going to be located does not seem to be an obvious evaluation objective at first, but it could be important, particularly if space is limited. For example, is the instrument free-standing or bench-mounted Maybe you have a bench available but no floor space, or vice versa. It could be that the instrument requires a temperature-controlled room to ensure good stability and mass calibration. If this is the case, have you budgeted for this kind of expense If the instrument is being used for ultratrace detection levels, does it need to go into a class 1, 10, or 100 clean room If a clean room is necessary, what is the size of the room and do the roughing pumps need to be placed in another room In other words, it is important to fully understand the installation requirements for each instrument being evaluated and where it will be located. Refer to Chapter 16 for more information on instrument installation. 

The complete list with all requirements for all mirror classes can be found in UN R.46 [1]. The requirements are divided into component and installation requirements for the different vehicle categories and also include elements for the protection of pedestrians in the event of an inadvertent contact. 

While the installation requirements for Class V and VI CMS focus mainly on the field of vision, there are several new requirements for Class I-IV CMS due to the different use-cases that are covered. For the definitions and symbols, the regulation refers to ISO 16505. The same applies to the test procedures unless otherwise specified in UN Regulation No. 46. 

Installation requirements for buried pipe vary with different types of pipe. For example, the installation methods for PE pipe can be very different than the requirements for PVC pipe. Installation details are covered in Chapter 7. 

AA4 = environment ambient temperature in the range -5°c to -h 40°c Section 522 of the lET Regulations details the installations requirements for ambient temperature external heat sources the presence of water or/and humidity the presence of corrosive or polluting substances mechanical damage and stresses vibration ... 

Design Features—Special features and installation requirements for a portable sampler are ... 

One of the main surface equipment items typically required for gas fields is compression, which is installed to allow a low reservoir pressure to be attained. Gas compression takes up a large space and is expensive. If gas compression is not initially required on a platform, then its installation is usually delayed until it becomes necessary. This reduces the initial capital investment and capital exposure. Figure 8.12 indicates when gas compression is typically installed ... 

A comfortable margin is maintained between the flowing tubing head pressure (downstream of compression) and the minimum pressure required for export, since the penalties for not meeting contract quantities can be severe. The decision not to install a fourth stage of compression in the above example is dictated by economics. During the final part of the pressure decline above, the field production is of course also declining. 

For an example we shall consider some installations developed for last years on described above principles. Advantage of all described devices is that they do not require attraction of the qualified labor for realization of the testing. The given installations have found a use at the various machine-building enterprises. 

However, it is expected that this situation will change, since a number of novel "non-invasive NDT techniques are now becoming available. With some of these techniques, the time required for a shutdown can be reduced. Other techniques make it possible to perform inspections whilst the installation is in full service. It is obvious that the availability of such techniques could support the knowledge already available on operational parameters and degradation mechanisms, in order to base shutdown intervals on actual plant condition. 

Sofh are applications can mainly be divided into stand-alone programs that have to be installed on a local computer, and web-based appUcation.s. Furthermore, there arc two different tcchniquc.s u.scd in web-based applications for providing the programs applets and plug-ins. Whereas plug-ins (helper applications) have to be installed to be displayed correctly in a browser, java applets are loaded by the browser on demand. The basic requirement for executing java applets is that the java Virtual Machine (jVM) must be pre-installed on the local computer, which is oltcn the case. 

Nonisothermal Gas Absorption. The computation of nonisothermal gas absorption processes is difficult because of all the interactions involved as described for packed columns. A computer is normally required for the enormous number of plate calculations necessary to estabUsh the correct concentration and temperature profiles through the tower. Suitable algorithms have been developed (46,105) and nonisothermal gas absorption in plate columns has been studied experimentally and the measured profiles compared to the calculated results (47,106). Figure 27 shows a typical Hquid temperature profile observed in an adiabatic bubble plate absorber (107). The close agreement between the calculated and observed profiles was obtained without adjusting parameters. The plate efficiencies required for the calculations were measured independendy on a single exact copy of the bubble cap plates installed in the five-tray absorber. 

Economic Considerations. The principal economic consideration is, of course, total installed system cost, including the initial cost of the flow primary, flow secondary, and related ancillary equipment as well as material and labor required for installation. Other typical considerations are operating costs and the requirements for scheduled maintenance. An economic factor of increasing importance is the cost of disposal at the end of normal flow meter service life. This may involve meter decontamination if hazardous fluids have been measured. 

Defining the requirements for a pilot-plant control system is often difficult because process plant experience for comparison and evaluation is commonly lacking and the design is frequentiy performed by personnel inexperienced in either instmmentation systems or pilot-plant operations. The isolated and often intermittent nature of pilot-plant operations also inhibits evolution and promotes individual unique installations. This compHcates the selection process. 

Continuous Emissions Monitoring. A key aspect of the new CAAA is the requirement that plants prove their continued compHance to new emissions limits by installing continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMs). The CAAA imposes new requirements for monitoring NO, SO2, and CO2 levels in a plant s exhaust gas stream. Affected plants typically must gather data from stack monitoring systems, gas analyzers, and the plant s data acquisition system and provide the data in a format approved by the EPA and state regulators. CEM systems must be in place by November 1993 for boilers affected by Phase I of the CAAA, and byjanuary 1995 for plants impacted by Phase II. 

Automatic discharging suspended magnets can be operated transversely (Fig. 2) or parallel to conveyor flow (Fig. 3b and 3c). Because the tramp iron must be attracted from a buried location and turned 90° from the movement of the conveyor belt, a larger and stronger magnet is required for a transverse installation. In some instances, the material handling layout, or desired operation location, dictates the use of the transversely mounted magnet. 

Black Liquor Soap Recovery. Black Hquor soap consists of the sodium salts of the resin and fatty acids with small amounts of unsaponifiables. The soap is most easily separated from the black Hquor by skimming at an intermediate stage, when the black Hquor is evaporated to 25% soHds (7). At this soHds level, the soap rises in the skimmer at a rate of 0.76 m/h. At higher soHds concentrations, the tall oil soap is less soluble, but higher viscosity lowers the soap rise rate and increases the necessary residence times in the soap skimmer beyond 3—4 hours. The time required for soap recovery can be reduced by installing baffles, by the use of chemical flocculants (8,9), and by air injection into the suction side of the soap skimmer feed pump. Soap density is controUed by the rate of air injection. Optimum results (70% skimmer efficiency) are obtained at a soap density of 0.84 kg/L (7 lb/gal). This soap has a minimum residual black Hquor content of 15% (10—12). 

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