Insolation definition

Trinitrobromotoluene, (02N)3(Br).C6H.CH3 mw 306.04, N 13.73% Only one isomer is described in-the literature 2,4,6-Trinitro-3-bromotoluene, col ndls(from ale), mp 143 4°, sol in ale, insol in liqroin was first prepd by nitrating 2,4-dinitro -5 bromotoluene and later by diazotizing 2,6 -dinitro-3-bromo-4 aminotoluene(Ref 1). Qvist et al(Ref 2) prepd this compd by nitrating the 5-bromo deriv of o-cymene(isopropyltoluene) and also by nitrating 2,4 dinitro-5-bromotoluene(Ref 3). The trinitrobromotoluene is definitely an expl compd although no investigator has reported its expl props... 

For more definite identification of components, digest ca 0.2g of the expl with 3ml of distd w in a 10ml beaker and decant the liq thru a filter to an evaporating dish, Evap to dryness and test for AN(See Charts A B). Digest the insol portion with a three 3ml portion of acetone decanting thru a filter and examine the residue, for Al, under microscope. Evap the filtrate to dryness by warming gently, and test the deposit for TNT by one or more colorimetric tests listed in Charts A B... 

Monohydrate, crystals from dilute acetone. Poor stability. Has no definite melting point. [ ] +9.5 (c — 4.7 in H,0), uv max (pH 7.0 phosphate buffer) 242, 274 nm (Ejjj, 321, 549). Freely sol in water. Somewhat sol in acetic acid, formamide, DMSO, aq solns of methanol, ethanol, acetone. Practically insol in anhydr alcohols, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether. LDM in rats 150 mg/kg (Thiersch). 

Complex is a colorless, amorphous solid, no definite mp, decompn starting at 20CPC uv max (water pH 7) 258 nm (E J 60k Sol in water, methanol, DMF less so] in ethanol, propanol slightly sol in ethet, ethyl acetate. Insol in banz-ene, chloroform. Stable in neutral aq and methanolic solns slowly decomp in acid and alkaline solns- LDM in mice (mg/kg) > 2000 orally, s,c. and i.p. 1400 Lv, (Lindner,... 

Me yellow powder. Has no definite mp. Soly in water about 2%. Practically insol in organic solvents. Marketed Olnchiysine which is a suspension plus some Ca gtucon -stein peach kernel oil. 

Decahydrate, powder, no definite melting range. Freely sol in watei slightly sol in boiling 95% ethanol practically insol in abs ethanol, acetone, chloroform. pH o( a 2% aq soln 6 to 8. Precipitated From aq solns by acids. 

Yellow amorphous powder, no definite mp, decomp 160 ( +216. uv max (80% methanol) 383 nm (Ej 9] 6). An amphoteric compd. Almost insol in water, benzene, chloroform, dry lower aliphatic alcohols, ether sol in basic solvents such as pyridine, collidine, and in aq lower alcohols. In coned H1S04 gives stable blue color no coloration with ferric chloride or with HO LDW i. v. in mice (using sodium carbcxymethyl cellulose as a vehicle) 6. ] 6 tng/kg, Williams et al, Antimicrob. Ag, Ckemother. 1964, 737-741. Also reported as LDjq i.v> in Swiss mice (using a colloidal suspension) 1,20 mg/kg, A. C, Parekh, C, V. Dave loc. cit. 

White amorphous hygroscopic solid. No definite mp chars when heated to 300. +26 (water). Insol in... 

Amorphous, golden -yellow solid. Has no definite mp but dec slowly with darkening upon heating, uv max (methanol) 383 nm (E 1000). Sol in the Following solvents in die presence of water lower alcohols, pyridine, letrahydro-Furan, acetone, dioxane. Sol in warm methanol, DMF, di. methylsulfoxide, and in the lower fatty acids. Practically insol in water, petr ether, ethyl acetate, benzene. 

Hexahydrate, efflorescent, triclinic-rhombohedral prisms, d 1.786. mp 53°. Loses water on storage at Kf, becomes definitely anhydr at 100°. d (anhydr) 2.49. One gram dissolves in 4.5 ml water. Insol in ale. LD orally in mice ... 

Minute, hitter crystals, no definite mp. Very slightly soluble in water (1 2000) practically insol in alcohol, ether, adds. Readily sol in alkaline solns. LDim i.p. in rats 1500 mg/kg (Carroll, Noble). 

Figure 5 Caloric summer half-year insolation following Milankovitch s definition plotted for the latitudes of 40° N, 60° N, and 80° N. Caloric half-years are periods of equal duration where each day of the summer half-year receives more insolation than any day of the winter half-year.

One of the very few model studies that have investigated variations in ice volume before the late Pleistocene transition ( 800 000 years ago) used a two-dimensional climate model developed at Louvain-la-Neuve in Belgium. It falls within the definition of an EMIC and includes a simple atmosphere coupled to a mixed layer ocean, sea ice and ice sheets. By forcing this model with insolation and steadily decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the model reproduces some of the characteristics of the ice volume record. The 41000-year periodicity is present in the simulated ice volume for most of the past 3 My and the strength of the 100000-year signal increases after about 1 My. However, a longer 400000-year year period is also present and often dominates the simulated Northern Hemisphere ice volume record. 

Definition Partial or complete esters of glycerin with a mixture of acetic acid and edible fat-forming fatty acids Properties Wh. to pale yel. oily to waxy liq., bland taste sol. in alcohol, acetone disp. to sol. in edible oils and fats insol. in water FILE 2-3 nonionic FILB 2.0-3.0... 

Definition Fully polymerized copolymer of acrylic and methactylic acid esters with a low content of quat. ammonium groups Propertbs Colorless clear to wh.-opaque gran., faint amine odor sol. in methanol, alcohol, I PA, acetone, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride insol. in water, petrol, ether... 

Synonyms Naphthenic acid, calcium salt Naphthenic acids, calcium salts Definition Calcium deriv. of cycloparaffin hydrocarbon Properties Light sticky tenacious mass sol. in CCL, gasoline, benzene, ether insol. in water... 

Definition Fixed oil obtained from kernels of seeds of Cocos nucifera Properties Wh. fatty solid or liq., sweet nutty taste sol. in oxygenated and chlorinated soivs. very sol. in chloroform, ether, CS2 pract. insol. in water dens. 0.903 (0/4 C) m.p. 21-27 C acid no. < 6 iodine no. 8-9.5 sapon. no. 255-258 ref. index 1.4485-1.4495 flash pt. (CC) 550 F surf. tens. 33.4 dynes/cm... 

CAS 8001-30-7 EINECS/ELINCS 232-281-2 Synonyms Corn oil Maize oil Zea mays Zea mays oil Definition Refined fixed oil obtained from wet milling of corn, Zea mays Properties Pale yel. oily liq., faint char, odor and taste sol. in ether, chloroform, amyl acetate, benzene, CS2, chlorinated and aromatic soivs. si. sol. in alcohol insol. in water dens. 0.914-0.921 m.p. -10 C acid no. 2-6 iodine no. 109-133 sapon. no. 187-193 flash pt. 321 C ref. index 1.470-1.474... 

CAS 68610-51-5 EINECS/ELINCS 271-867-2 Synonyms p-Cresol dicyclopentadiene butylated polymer 4-Methyl phenol reaction product with dicyclopentadiene and isobutylene Classification Sterically hindered phenol Definition Butylated reaction prod, of p-cresol and dicyclopentadiene Properties Off-wh. to tan powd. sol. in acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methylene chloride, llq. phosphites insol. in water m.w. 600-700 dens. 1.10 flash pt. (COC) 215 C... 

Definition Natural material derived from the ground endosperms of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus consists of high m.w. hydrocolloidal polysaccharide composed of galactomannan units Properties YIsh.-wh. free-flowing powd. aq. sol ns. tasteless, odorless sol. in hot or cold water insol. in oil, greases, hydrocarbons, ketones, esters m.w. = 220,000... 

Synonyms Anogeissus latifolia gum Ghatti gum Indian gum Clasafication Water-soluble polysaccharide Definition Gummy exudate from wounds in the batkof Anogeissus iaiifolia Properties Colorless to pale yel. solid almost odorless and tasteless partly sol. in water can be solubilized by autoclaving insol. in 90% alcohol... 

CAS 8001-78-3 EINECS/ELINCS 232-292-2 Synonyms Castor oil, hydrogenated Castorwax Opalwax Definition End prod, of controlled hydrogenation of castor oil, consisting mainly of the triglyceride of hydroxystearic acid Properties Wh. hard wax very insol. in water and in the more common org. soivs. m.w. = 932 m.p. 86-88 C iodine no. 5 max. sapon. no. 176-182 hyd.no. 154-162... 

Synonyms Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether HPC Hydroxypropyl ether of cellulose Hyprolose Oxypropylated cellulose Definition Partially substituted poly(hydroxypropyl) ether of cellulose Properties Off-wh. gran, powd., odorless, tasteless sol. in cold water, methanol, ethanol, many polar org. soivs. insol. in water > 37.7 C ... 

Synonyms Carbohydrate gum Cellulose hydroxypropyl methyl ether Cellulose 2-hydroxypropyl methyl ether HPMC Hypromellose Methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose MHPC Definition Propylene glycol ether of methyl cellulose Properties Wh. gran, powd. sol. in most polar soivs., cold water swells in water to produce a clear to opalescent vise, colloidal sol n. insol. in hot water and in anhyd. alcohol, ether, chloroform nonionic Toxicoiogy LD50 (IP, rat) 5200 mg/kg mildly toxic by IP route TSCA listed... 

CAS 8001-39-6 103798-70-5 EINECS/ELINCS 310-125-5 Synonyms Japan tallow Japan wax Rhus succedanea Rhus succedanea cera Rhus succedanea wax Sumac wax Definition Fat expressed from the mesocarpof thefmitof Rhus succedanea, contg. 10-15% palmitin, stearin, olein, 1%japanic acid Properties Pale yel. solid, greasy feel tallow-like rancid odor and taste sol. in benzene, naphtha, CSj, ether, hot alcohol, alkalis insol. in water, cold alcohol dens. 0.97-0.98 m.p. 53.5-55 C acid no. 22-23 iodine no. 10-15 sapon. no. 217-237 Toxicology TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Definition Dried exudate from the tree, Sterculia urens Properties Wh. fine powd., si. acetic acid odor insol. In alcohol swells in water to a gel produces highly stable emulsions, resist, to acids Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 9100 mg/kg very mildly toxic by ing. mild allergen causing hay fever, dermatitis, gastrointestinal diseases, and asthma may cause intolerance laxative effect, may reduce nutrient intake TSCA listed... 

Definition Deriv. of unctuous fatty sebaceous secretion of sheep, Ovis aries, consisting of complex mixt. of esters of high m.w. aliphatic, steroid, or triterpenoid alcohol and fatty acids Properties Yel.-wh. semisolid to paste si. odor sol. in chloroform, ether insol. in water m.p. 38-42 C iodine no. 18-36 flash pt. > 230 F nonionic... 

Synonyms Methacrylate copolymer Methacrylate polymer Definition Fully polymerized copolymer of methacrylic acid and an acrylic or methacrylic ester Type C may contain surfactants Properties Wh. powd., faint char, odor sol. in dll. alkali, buffer sol ns. of pFI 7, methanol, alcohol, IPA, acetone insol. in water, dll. acids vise. 50-200 cps... 

CAS 8002-53-7 EINECS/ELINCS 232-313-5 Synonyms Lignite wax Montan cera Waxes, montan Definition Wax obtained by solvent extraction of lignite Properties Dark brown lumps or wh. hard earth wax sol. in CCI, benzene, chloroform, hot petrol, ether insol. in water m.p. 80-90 C acid no. 32-48 sapon. no. 88-112 Toxicology TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Definition Hydrocarbon wax derived from mineral or petroleum sources Properties Yel.-brown to black or green translucent (pure), noxious odor sol. in It. petrol, hydrocarbons, benzene, turpentine, kerosene, ether, carbon disulfide si. sol. in alcohol insol. in water dens. 0.85-0.95 ... 

Indigenous peanut oil Katchung oil Peanut oil Pecan shell powder Definition Refined fixed oil obtained fiom seed kernels of one or more cultivated varieties of Arachs hypogaea Properties Colorless to pale yel. liq., nutty odor, bland taste sol. in benzene, ether, chloroform, CCI oils misc. with carbon disulfide si. sol. in alcohol insol. in alkalis dens. 0.916-0.922 solid, pt. -5 C iodine no. 84-100 sapon. no. 185-195 flash pt. 540 E ref. index 1.466-1.470... 

Synonyms Pentaerythritol ester of rosin Pentaerythritol rosinate Resin acids and rosin acids, esters with pentaerythritol Rosin, gum or wood, pentaerythritol ester Rosin pentaerythritol ester Tall oil rosin, pentaerythritol ester Classification Thermoplastic resin Definition Ester of rosin acids with the polyol, pentaerythritol Properties Amber hard solid sol. in acetone, benzene insol. in water soften, pt. (R B) 110-115 C... 

Definition Semisolid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum Properties YIsh. to It. amber or wh. semisolid, unctuous mass pract. odorless and tasteless sol. in benzene, chloroform, ether, petrol, ether, oils pract. insol. in water insol. in alcohol dens. 0.820-0.865 (60/25 C) m.p. 38-54 C soften, pt. 65-70 C ref. index 1.460-1.474 (60 C) Toxicoiogy LD50 (IP, mouse) > 50 g/kg can cause allergic skin reactions... 

Synonyms POP (18) butyl ether PPG (18) butyl ether Definition Polypropylene glycol ether of butyl alcohol Formula C,FI,(OCFIjCFICFl2) OFI, avg. n = 18 Properties Liq. insol. in water sol. in alcohol nonionic Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 9160 mg/kg mildly toxic by ingestion and skin contact skin irritant TSCA listed... 

Safflower oil (unhydrogenated) Safflower seed oil Definition Oily liq. obtained from seeds of Carthanus tinctoriusconsistmq principally of triglycerides of linoleic acid Properties Lt, yel. oily liq. si. veg. odor sol. in oil and fat soivs. misc. with ether, chloroform insol. in water dens. 0.9211 -0.9215 (25/25 C) iodine no. 135-150 sapon. no. 188-194 ref. index 1.472-1.475 Toxicoiogy Human skin and eye irritant ing. in large volumes produces vomiting TSCA listed Precaution Combustible... 

Synonyms Aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt Aluminum sodium silicate Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt Sodium aluminosilicate Sodium aluminum silicate Sodium feldspar Zeolite Zeolites Definition Series of hydrated sodium aluminum silicates produced by reaction of sodium silicate and kaolinite clay Formula NajO AI2O3 SiOa with mole ratio = 1 1 13.2 Properties Wh. fine amorphous powd. or beads, odorless and tasteless insol. in water, alcohol, org. soivs. partly sol. in strong acids and alkali hydroxides 80-100 C pH 6.5-10.5 (20% slurry)... 

Classification Mixed petroleum hydrocarbons Definition Mixed isomer contg. 85% nonane and 15% trimethylbenzene Properties Colorless clear liq. petrol, odor misc. with abs. alcohol, benzene, ether, chloroform, CCI CS2, most org. soivs. insol. in water m.w. 150 sp.gr. 0.78 f.p. -70 C b.p. 157-196 C flash pt. (CC) 40 C ref. index 1.43 (20 C) KB value 32-37 Toxicology ACGIH TLV/TWA100 ppm LD50 (oral, rat) > 5 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) > 3 g/kg LCLo (inh., cat, 2.5 h) 10 g/m mildly toxic by inh. (irritation, CNS effects, headache, dizziness, confusion, fatigue) human eye irritant probably a mild to mod. skin irritation TSCA listed Precaution Combustible flamm. exposed to heat or flame explosive in vapor form when exposed to heat or flame reactive with oxidizing materials... 

Synonyms Sucrose esters Sucrose esters of fatly acids Sugar esters Definition Mono-, di-, and triesters of sucrose with fatly acids Properties Wh. to si. grayish powd. (based on sat. fatly acids) yish. pasty to waxy substance (based on unsat. fatly acids) sol. in ethanol sparingly sol. in water insol. in veg. oils nonionic Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes... 

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