Injury data

Improving performance is the objective of measurement. Thus measures should be capable of analysis to help identify where there may be weaknesses that can be corrected. For example, injury data may be published division by division. If one division has deteriorating performance, it will be important to find out whether the deterioration is common across the whole division or specific to one location. 

StemCells, Inc. is developing a proprietary NSC product for cellular therapy, under license from NeuroSpheres Ltd., comprising well-characterized, normal human CNS stem cells (HuCNS-SCs) from brain tissue. HuCNS-SC is currently under investigation for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly BD [180367], [540074]. Preclinical studies have been performed in various animal models of CNS diseases and injuries. Data from these studies has supported the therapeutic potential of HuCNS-SCs, and the therapy has recently been approved for a phase I clinical trial for the treatment of BD [629732]. 

Fig. 4. Dose-response correlation in cats of the effects of U-74006F on post-traumatic (compression injury) spinal cord lipid peroxidation (i.e., loss of reduced vitamin E) and on progressive white matter ischemia at 4 hours post-injury (data from ref. [24]) versus chronic (4-week) neurological recovery (data from ref. [46]). Doses indicated were administered at 30 minutes post-injury. Doses in parentheses under the chronic recovery dose-response curve indicate the total 48-hour dosing regimen that these cats received. All values are mean standard error. Numbers of animals are given in parentheses in each bar. Asterisks indicate p < 0.05 vs vehicle-injured animals by ANOVA.

This data instrument developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will help health departments and other decision makers collect core data useful for investigating the number, type, timing, and severity of injuries associated with a mass casualty event. The instrument was adapted from a tool initially used to collect information about injuries among survivors of the World Hade Center bombing. Its contents or format can be modified to accommodate the circumstances of a particular mass casualty event. Each data element is defined in the Explanatory Notes so that a local or state health department can quickly train and dispatch workers to collect comparable injury data from area hospitals or where other casualties are treated. These data can then be provided to decision makers to help guide public health responses to the mass casualty event or provide the basis for more in-depth investigations. 

Studies in animals, combined with observations in humans, indicate that the principal adverse health effects associated with short-term inhalation or oral exposure to nitrobenzene are methemoglobinemia, neurological effects, and liver injury. Data related to dermal exposure and to long-term exposure by any route are not considered sufficient to clearly assess the potential effects. 

MANAGEMENT, PLANNING, DESIGN, AND CONTROL TABLE 4 Injury Data for C Chart... 

Figure 19 C Chart—Injury Data. (Copyright 1980-1998 Associates in Process Improvement)...

Saddler, Jeanne. 1987. Pand Questions Method US Uses on Job-Injury Data. 

Root, N., Hoefer, M. (1979). The first work-injury data available from new BLS study. Monthly Labor Review, 702(1), 76-80. 

See also National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling (2011a) for a detailed analysis of the available fatality and injury data. 

Any other relevant data, such as injury data or statistics for your company. 

J.S. Young, P.E. Bums, A.M. Bowen, and R. McCutchen, Spinal Cord Injury Statistics Experience of the Regional Spinal Cord Injury Systems. National Spinal Cord Injury Data Research Center, Phoenix, 1982, p. 95. 

In the industrial field, the accidents situation depends on a wide variety of causes (i.e. diversification and complexity in production processes and technologies, human factors, organizational aspects, no application of safety procedures) that are often very difficult to indentify and to analyze. This is the reason why today aproactive approach to safety problems becomes a key factor. The Risk Assessment approach is aheady known and consohdated but the problem that is not yet solved is related to the indicators used in order to identify the risk priority. Usually these indicators are based on evaluator s experience and expertise, and not necessary deriving from statistical analysis. It depends on the fact that work injuries data are often not usable to characterize a specific risk category by a statistical approach it s a fact mainly due to the amount and typology of the available data and, consequently, to the lack of relationships between injuries and root causes. 

You ve collected and categorized the injury data, but aU the numbers in the world won t do you any good unless you use them to your advantage. It bears repeating that prevention is your ultimate goal. 

In 1981 as an attempt to get more injury deterrence for its money OSH A began to use firms safety records to target inspections at work sites with comparatively poor safety records. OSH A began to inspect only firms with lost workday accident rates for the past two to three years that were above the most recent overall manufacturing accident rate. Using firms injury records to select sites for inspections was eventually discontinued partly because of concern that government injury data were becoming less accurate over time as firms under reported injuries to avoid inspections. 

The two different ways of measurement, i.e., dummy and virtual human model, provide physical data and utilize injury probability models to derive information about injury severities. Another approach is based on the change in injury level, using in-depth accident data and information about the injuries. The so-called Injury Shift Method evaluates the change in single injuries due to a particular measure [31]. Given a statistically significant amount of injury data in the data set, this method allows for a fast calculation of benefits, but compared to other methods mentioned reties on rather crude assumptions as elaborated above (see p. 31). 

Fatality and injury data, OSHA enforcement experience, and advice from the Advisory Committee on Construction Safety and Health indicate that the existing construction confined space standard did not adequately protect employees. 

There are at least three major sources of injury, disease, and death statistics in the United States. One is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Another is the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). These are federal government agencies. A private source is the National Safety Council. In addition, there are many other federal and state agency sources for injury data. Overall, the data show that accidental injuries are significant. After achieving major reductions, there is still an ongoing need to prevent injuries, illnesses, and deaths. 

CDC has several data collection and analysis resources. An agency within CDC is the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC). Its mission is to prevent violence and injury and reduce their impacts. The agency operates an online database of injury data and statistics called Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). This is an interactive database system that provides customized reports of injury-related data. 

Worksite analysis is the process of identifying hazards related to a project, process, or activities at the worksite. Identify hazards before determining how to protect employees. In performing worksite analyses, consider not only hazards that currently exist, but also hazards that could occur because of changes in operations or procedures or because of other factors, such as concurrent work activities. First, perform hazard analyses of all activities and projects prior to the start of woik, determine the hazards involved with each phase of the project, and perform regular safety and health site inspections. Second, require supervisors and employees to inspect their work areas prior to the start of each shift or new activity, investigate accidents and near-misses, and analyze trends in accident and injury data. 

Gather incident investigation and injury data related to the serious injury definition chosen, for at least a 3-year period. 

Shipp, P. J., The Presentation and Use of Injury Data, British Iron and Steel Research Association, London, open report (no date)... 

This only covers levels of injury severity according to the occitrrence categories, e g. nature and bodify location of injury or disease. The other categories, e.g. type of accident, agency of accident, breakdown agency, can be used to classify accident rather than injury data. Obviously diseases which do not occur until maty years after initial exposure are impossible to include in data for a workplace in a timely way. 

The accident and injury data will depend on the definitions used and rules for reporting. 

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