Organizational aspects

The requirements for the organizational aspects of research reactor facilities are established in Ref. [1], which covers all aspects of the safety of research reactors, including those relating to radiation protection. The organizational structure of the research reactor facility should be such as to ensure proper fulfilment of the objectives for radiation protection. 

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Computers were first used in laboratories to calculate results and generate reports, often from an individual instrument. As automated analysers were developed, so the level of computerization increased and computers now play a major role in the modem laboratory. They are associated with both the analytical and organizational aspects and the term Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) is often used to describe this overall function. Such systems are available that link the various operations associated with the production of a validated test result, from the receipt of the sample to the electronic transmission of the report to the initiator of the request, who may be at a site removed from the laboratory. Other uses include stock control, human resource management and budgets. 

The properties of membranes commonly studied by fluorescence techniques include motional, structural, and organizational aspects. Motional aspects include the rate of motion of fatty acyl chains, the head-group region of the phospholipids, and other lipid components and membrane proteins. The structural aspects of membranes would cover the orientational aspects of the lipid components. Organizational aspects include the distribution of lipids both laterally, in the plane of the membrane (e.g., phase separations), and across the membrane bilayer (phospholipid asymmetry) and distances from the surface or depth in the bilayer. Finally, there are properties of membranes pertaining to the surface such as the surface charge and dielectric properties. Fluorescence techniques have been widely used in the studies of membranes mainly since the time scale of the fluorescence lifetime coincides with the time scale of interest for lipid motion and since there are a wide number of fluorescence probes available which can be used to yield very specific information on membrane properties. 

When the objective is not solely maxitnizing the information from samples but when economic or organizational aspects are at stake as well, there are more ways to influence sampling schemes. Next to the influences of sampling rate as already described there are possibilities in collecting samples in batches and assigning priorities to samples. The influence on laboratory performance and information content has been treated by Vandeginste and Janse 58.59.6o>... 

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF SCIENTIFIC WORKERS (AASW). Founded in 1946. Scientists concerned with national and international relations of science and society and with organizational aspects of science. It is located ai the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19172. 

Pate-Comell, M.E. "Organizational Aspects of Engineering System Safety The... 

Prospective validation is a requirement (Part 211), and therefore it makes validation an integral part of a carefully planned, logical product/process developmental program. An outline of the development sequence and requirements relevant to process validation is presented in Figure 1. After briefly discussing organizational aspects and documentation, the integration of validation into the product development sequence is discussed. At the end of the chapter there is a... 

The achievement of true excellence in any international chemical company depends heavily on organizational aspects. This chapter examines the best structures for this purpose, the importance of addressing performance both now and in the future, and ways to make lasting organizational change happen ... 

Srere, P., Jones, M., and Mathews, C., Structural and Organizational Aspects of Metabolic Regulation, Wiley-Liss, 1990. 

Before we discuss the significance of the shortwave technology,8 we shall give an overview of disinfestation and disinfection as a whole, with special attention paid to Auschwitz. We have at our disposal archival documents that permit a complete analysis. This goes equally for the technical, the medical and the organizational aspects. 

The following subchapters describe how to define the aim of a development project and propose a basic structure for a project plan which eliminates the main risk factors in the earliest possible stages but keeps the main dependencies in mind. Since the success of development projects depends on an efficient and well-organized use of human resources and because dealing with human resources is the most difficult task of a project manager, the human and organizational aspects of project work will also be discussed. 

Avitzour, M., Libergal, M., Assaf, J., Adler, J., Beyth, S., Mosheiff, R., et al. (2004). A multicasualty event Out-of-hospital and in-hospital organizational aspects. Academic Emergency Medicine, II, 1102-1104. 

I should like to thank R. L. Davison for a significant contribution to both the technical and organizational aspects of this paper. I also would like to thank L. G. Robinson for much of the practical work. 

E427 Geary, T.D. (1988). Organizational aspects of selective analysers. J. Automat. Chem. 10, 184-187. 

Organizational aspects that the laboratory must monitor in relation to validation or verification of new or modified test methods ... 

In spite of the fact that this is not intended to be a handbook, some very brief comments on what may be considered organizational aspects of laboratory practice may not be out of place. These may be considered within the wider context of precautions that should be exercised in all analytical laboratories. First of all, attention is drawn to the important principles of quality control, to procedures for numerical analysis of data, and to the important issue of documentation, all of which have been covered succinctly in a review (Keith et al. 1983) and more extensively in books (Keith 1988 1992). It cannot be too strongly emphasized that the analyst is part of a team, and that he or she should play an active part in both the planning and execution of the proposed investigation thereby, many pitfalls — and unnecessary irritation — may be avoided. For example, some conflict may arise over the number of samples required to answer the specific questions that are posed, and resolution of this issue should take priority in planning discussions. In addition, the level of accuracy should be decided at the outset, and care taken that sufficient samples are available for duplicates to be preserved for reanalysis if necessary — and that these are preserved in an acceptable manner. It is worth emphasizing that analytical results may be used in social or political contexts in which numbers may be readily misused. The level of accuracy and interpretation of the data are therefore of cardinal importance in such circumstances. 

For actual applications, and to emphasize the organizational aspects of the theory, we rewrite the working equations, Eq. (34), in the following form ... 

Chapter 2 discusses several aspects of speciation analysis, e.g. definitions, existing regulations and sources of errors likely to occur at various steps of the analytical procedures. It is followed by Chapter 3 describing general principles of improvement schemes (organizational aspects) and basic requirements to be followed for the certification of reference materials. 

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