Initial risk

Based on the initial risk assessment, it will be obvious that as the exposure (commodity, value and location) increases so must the standard of security that is necessary for the risk. It is also the case, however, that items of comparatively low value will be stolen if they can be easily reached and if their removal does not represent any undue risk to the thief. 

Drug initiation risks of children of parents with drug problems... 

The health effects associated with radon, as well as sources and mitigation measures, are discussed in detail in several National Research Council reports (1988, 1991), in the book edited by Nazaroff and Nero (1988), and in the International Commission on Radiological Protection Report (1994). Initial risk assessments were based on data from underground miners who were exposed to relatively high levels of radon and its progeny. However, there has been considerable controversy over the extrapolation to lower levels in homes [e.g., see summaries by Nazaroff and Teichman (1990) and Peto and Darby (1994)]. 

The results of the risk analysis review must be documented. To adequately analyze the risks, a comprehensive requirements specification deliverable is required. The best time to perform an initial risk analysis is immediately after the project team has completed the review of the requirements specification deliverable. The review of the solutions agreed upon and implemented as a result of the risk analysis should be performed during a technical design review. 

White JV, Ham RJ, Lipschitz DA, et al. Consensus of the Nutrition Screening Initiative Risk factors and indicators of poor nutritional status in older Americans. Journal of the American Diabetic Association 91 783-787,1991. 

Jager and Hamers [84 b] concluded that this equation as advised in TGD is questionable and may result in serious underestimation of the BCF of chemicals which are not metaboHzed in fish. For the purpose of initial risk assessment they proposed a BCF -i- growth model which can be simpHfied to the straight line, with a maximum BCF value reached at log Kqw = 6 [84b]. 

To better evaluate pollution prevention options, the project attempted to assess the risks posed to individuals and populations exposed to chemical contaminants released from the refinery. An initial risk assessment analysis was performed to identify chemicals requiring further study, and to establish a baseline by which to judge potential risk reduction opportunities. Since change in exposure to benzene was used as a proxy for evaluating relative risk reductions associated with alternative pollution prevention options, the usual uncertainty associated with risk assessments was not a factor in the option analysis. The uncertainty in absolute risk assessments can arise from multiple sources the use of animal study results, difficulties with human studies, variation in individual responses to chemical exposures, the impact of differing dose rates, multiple simultaneous exposure to chem-... 

When setting up the requirements of a new system, it should be assessed at the beginning of the project whether the system will store electronic records or may be using electronic signatures. This should include an initial risk assessment of the records. 

Before a trial is initiated, risks should be weighed against the anticipated benefits for the individual trial subject and society. A trial should be initiated and continued only if the anticipated benefits outweigh the risks. 

Me Knight also espoused an unusual management philosophy for the times he believed in encouraging individual initiative, risk-taking, and the freedom to fail - qualities that promoted employee growth and satisfaction as well as the development of diverse businesses and technologies. 

A tiered approach is used for pesticide exposure assessment at the surface water level. Depending on the results of the initial risk assessment, more extensive testing relative to the environmental exposure or hazard may be required to define the full environmental risk. The data are generated from such increasingly comprehensive series of studies (higher tiered studies). At each tier a comparison has to take place between the estimated exposure and... 

The most common initiation risk factors are diabetes mel-litus, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, and polycystic kidney disease. 

Although D Arcy was appointed a director and remained on the board until his death in 1917, he was not to play a major part in the new company s business. His role as the initial risk-taking investor was past and the daunting task of devel-... 

The Pesticide Risk Assessment Peer Review Unit (PRAPeR) of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is responsible for the peer review of initial risk assessments of active substances. For each substance, a member state carries out this initial risk assessment, which is presented in a draft assessment report (DAR) that is then peer reviewed by experts across the European Union (EU) in a process... 

Risk criteria have been established by some regulatory agencies and companies for fixed-facility risks however, there are very limited such target criteria for transportation risks, with a few companies beginning to use criteria for transportation risks. Where criteria are employed, initial risk estimates are compared against the criteria. If the risk target level is not met or is exceeded, the addition of risk reduction measures to reduce the risk estimate to (or below) the target risk level is evaluated. 

The risk which ranains after controls have been put in place is called residual risk (as opposed to initial risk) and the question arises as to who owns this risk and specifically whether it is a shared or apportioned entity. 

The multiyear duration of development cycles may also lead to errors in judgment about risk. In some cases, design problems may be identified months or years before information is available to assess the risk and develop solutions. In the interim, it is possible to become accustomed to initial risk levels over time, and even layer further risk elements into the program without full awareness of the overall impact. And as time progresses, resources become more limited and the root cause of previous problems may not be fully determined in the press to move forward. 

Scenario 3 (long-dash-and-dot line) In this situation, a suspicion is raised but does not reach the level for initiating risk communication actions. Safety signals are put under active review, but more data do not necessarily help make a definitive conclusion because of inherent limitations of data or existence of plausible alternative explanations (e.g., confounding). In such situations, investigators may turn to independent datasets for further insights. 

The normal measures of acute toxicity which are used for classification and initial risk assessment are ... 

Facility Risk Assessment The facility risk assessment effort begins with an initial risk categorization effort made very early in the concept phase of the project. The purpose of risk categorization is to serve as an indicator for the level of effort and scope of the system safety effort. 

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