Infrastructure development

The relative development of the infrastructure to transport C02 is still in its early stages. This is reflected by the low number of existing infrastructures developed to transport C02 from stationary sources into geological structures. Table 1 provides an overview of the current developments for C02 transportation globally. /Ml of these examples have been developed in relation to the EOR technique, where the C02 source is found mainly in natural reserves. In Europe, only a few projects are in operation, but there are plans to deploy an extended C02 pipeline network along Europe to optimise C02 storage structures. 

Dixon, R. K. (2007). Building the Hydrogen Economy Enabling Infrastructure Development. International Energy Agency (IEA), presentation UNIDO-ICHET Workshop, Istanbul, Turkey, www.iea.org/textbase/speech/2007/ Dixon UNIDO.pdf. 

What could an optimal (geographical) infrastructure development look like and what are the system s expenses for supplying hydrogen ... 

Different strategies for introducing hydrogen have to be evaluated with regard to the timing and location of infrastructure development. 

The geographical resolution is on the basis of NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) areas, the regional classification of the European Union. For the German case study the NUTS3 classification (439 districts) has been used to analyse the demand allocation and fuelling station distribution as well as the regional infrastructure development. 

Smit, R., Weeda, M. and de Groot, A. (2007). Hydrogen infrastructure development in the Netherlands. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 32 (10-11), 1387-1395. 

Ogden, J.M., Steinbugler, M.M., and Kreutz, T.G. 1999. A Comparison of Hydrogen, Methanol, and Gasoline as Fuels for Fuel Cell Vehicles Implications for Vehicle Design and Infrastructure Development. Journal of Power Sources, 79 (1999) 143-168. 

Phase 3 Market Expansion (10-20 years)-work will seek cost reductions of fuel cells through the development of large-scale manufacturing (mass production) continue hydrogen supply infrastructure development on a national level refinement of policy measures (fiscal and regulatory) and, continue support of RD D in areas of new advancements in hydrogen and fuel cells. 

Hydrogen infrastructure development through the Canadian Transportation Fuel Cell Alliance. 

Canada s national program consists of three areas research and development hydrogen infrastructure development through the Canadian Transportation Fuel Cell Alliance and early market introduction of hydrogen and fuel cell technology through the Early Adopters Program. 

Development ofother fuels for feeding fuel cells (natural gas, methanol, bioalcohols, oil fractions etc.) relative to profitable and clean production, purification and infrastructure development. 

Europe. The supply of European market from the remote Caspian gas fields requires infrastructure development and introduction of modem technologies that may affect the transit countries energy security and more general development. 

In contrast to oil and coal, the traditional gas export has basically been linked to pipeline construction and infrastructure development. In a future perspective new solutions may eventually change this picture. Typical of the... 

Finally, the last issue touched upon, albeit very briefly, is security of supply in a long-term perspective. The task at stake is how to secure investment initiatives in infrastructure development throughout the coming years. This is a difficult question indeed and no detailed analysis is presented here, merely some few comments. 

Aecon Group, Inc., formerly Aecon Enterprises, is one of Canada s largest construction and infrastructure development companies. The firm operates in four principal segments Buildings, Infrastructure, Industrial and... 

Airport Management Consulting Services Infrastructure Development Geothermal Plant Construction... 

Slightly increasing interest on the organic production with NGOs and government through provision of infrastructure development as well as on research. 

The transition to a hydrogen economy involves challenges that cannot be overcome by research and development and demonstrations alone. Unresolved issues of policy development, infrastructure development, and safety will slow the penetration of hydrogen into the market even if the technical hurdles of production cost and energy efficiency are overcome. Significant industry investments in advance of market forces will not be made unless government creates a business environment that reflects societal priorities with respect to greenhouse gas emissions and oil imports. 

Infrastructure analysis. Accelerate and increase efforts in systems modeling and analysis for hydrogen delivery, with the objective of developing options and helping guide R D in large-scale infrastructure development ... 

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