Technology, fuel-cell

Fuel Cells Technology Status Keport, DOE/METC-92/0276, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Washington, D.C., July 1992. 

Michael Krumpelt, Ph.D., Manager, Fuel Cell Technology, Argonne National Laboratory Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Chemical Society, Electrochemical Society (Section 27, Energy Resources, Conversion, and Utilization)... 

Graphs of operating potential versus current density are called polarization curves, which reflect the degree of perfection that any particular fuel cell technology has attained. High cell operating potentials are the result of many years of materials optimization. Actual polarization curves will be shown below for several types of fuel cell. 

Fuel cell technology probably offers a new emerging area for polyheterocyclic polymers as membranes. Fuel cells are interesting in transport applications and are now being evaluated in Chicago in transit buses with a 275-hp engine working with three 13 kW Ballard fuel cell stacks. 

S.C. Singhal, Advances in solid oxide fuel cell technology, Solid State Ionics 135, 305-313 (2000). 

Currently there is an urgent need to develop hydrogen storage materials for mobile and stationary appHcations. This trend is accelerated by the hydrogen fuel cell technology that could, within the next decades, replace fossil fuel resources such as oil and gas. 

Fuel cells are the subject of vast amounts of research and most experts now predict that by about 2020 they will be widely used for mass transportation. There are four major potential benefits to using fuel cell technology compared to more conventional sources of energy ... 

Explain the role of catalysis in fuel cell technology. 

If fuel cell technology were introduced on a large scale for automotive transportation, would you prefer a fuel distribution system in which gasoline fuel remains the major energy carrier but is reformed on-board to hydrogen or one in which hydrogen is provided at fuel stations Explain your choice. 

An attempt has been made in Table 1 to present the status of fuel cell technologies. For terrestrial applications, the PAFC power plant is the most advanced, and a 200-kW system manufactured by ONSI, a division of United Technologies, Inc., has reached commercialization. Its main applications are focused on on-site integrated energy systems that could... 

The enthusiasm for developing DMFCs (the fuel cell researcher s dream) evolved in the 1960s, which was really the boom period for R D activities on all types of fuel cell technologies, mainly because of NASA s vital need for fuel cell power plants for space vehicles. As early as the 1960s it was recognized that the major challenges in developing DMFCs... 

Figure 28. Isotherms of the shear viscosities of (Li, Na)2C03. (Reprinted from Y. Sato, T. Yamamura, H. Zhu, M. Endo, T. Yamazaki, H. Kato, and T. Ejima, Viscosities of Alkali Carbonate Melts for MCFC, in Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, D. Shores, H. Mam, I. Uchida, and J. R. Selman, eds., p. 427, Fig. 9, 1993. Reproduced by permission of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.)...

Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, Ed. by D. Shores, H. Mara, I. Uchida, and I R. Sehnan, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1993, p. 416. 

Acres, G. J. K., Recent advances in fuel cell technology and its application, J. Power Sources, 100, 60 (2001). 

---