Information sources, tables

Pharmacists should be aware of the differences in safety standards and regulatory control between drugs and dietary supplements (Table 1). When counseling people about dietary products, pharmacists must be aware that the DSHEA allows the promotion of substances that may have variable potency, unidentified components, unproven efficacy, and unknown adverse effects. The DSHEA does not require warnings about drug interactions or medical conditions under which a dietary supplement should not be used. In view of the liberal labeling provisions of the DSHEA, pharmacists cannot trust dietary supplement company literature and should consult reliable information sources (Table 2)." ... 

There are 16 grades of DuPont neoprene alone. They vary in crystallization rate and potential, viscosity, molecular weight, additive content, and other properties ([216], pp. 284-306). Selection of the right materials requires sophisticated knowledge of both the neoprenes and the phenolic additives. Guggenberger provides a good overview of this situation and some basic formulation information ([216], pp. 284-306). She also provides a prototype formula for a heat-resistant contact cement as shown in the Table 18 ([216], source Table 10, p. 293). 

TABLE 6.3-2 Zion Principal Information Sources (from Joksimovich. 1983) ... 

Source Adapted from Ref. 1. Information in Table 2 is reproduced from technical literature by permission of ICI Surfactants subject to the following disclaimer The information and recommendations in this publication arc believed to be accurate and arc given in good faith, but the Customer should sati.sfy itself of the suitability of the contents for a particular purpose. ICI gives no warranty as to the fitness of the Product information and recommendations for any particular purpose and any implied warranty or condition (statutory or otherwise) is excluded except that such exclusion is prevented by law. Freedom under Patent, Copyright and Designs cannot be assumed."... 

Handbook of Plastics Materials and Technology , Irvin I. Rubin John Wiley Sons (1990) ISBN 0471096342. Essential information from acetal to XT polymer. This single source comprises 119 chapters of in-depth basic information about plastic materials, properties, processing, assembly, decorating and industry practices-all presented in a readily accessible and consistent format. Also features a wealth of useful auxiliary information and tables. 

Table II. Information Sources from which to Derive Values of Acceptable Daily Doses (D s) of Toxic Pollutants for Human Beings (in Order of Priority)...

Accident statistics on the equipment involved in large losses give somewhat contradictory information (see Table 20). According to Mahoney (1992) the most common process items as primary accident cause are reactors. The next in the list are process drums whereas heaters are one of the safest. This contrasts with Instone s (1989) data, where heaters and boilers were the most common process items in the accidents, whereas reactors and process drums were quite uncommonly involved. This difference may be partly because Mahoney has analyzed the primary causes of large losses, whereas Instone has listed the involvement of equipment in losses. Since furnaces are sources of ignition for flammable leaks from other equipment, furnaces are not necessarily listed as primary causes even they are probably involved as secondary causes in many losses. Therefore the inclusion of both reactors and furnaces in the list of most unsafe equipment is well justified. 

TABLE 3.1. Published Information Sources for Safety Assessment... 

Council of European Surfactant Producers (CESIO) statistics [10] indicate a total surfactant production of 2.4 million tons in Europe for 1999, which were distributed in the categories shown in Table 1.5. Other information sources [11] indicate a surfactant consumption of 2.1 million tons in Europe for 1998, which compares very well with the CESIO figure. Europe is a net exporter of surfactants and a precise figure of actual European consumption is thus difficult to estimate, although information from CESIO provides data on total sales and captive use. 

The plot of the loadings for each chromatographic peak (Beta 1 vs. Beta 2 and 1 2 Equation [3]) reveals information about the sources of the variance in the four samples (Figure 8). Information in Table 11 confirms these findings, as it is seen that the variability is largely the result of the failure to detect two peaks (peak 1 [variable 5], and peak 4 [variable 9]). Also, peak 63 (variable 67) in sample 20 exceeds its average concentration measured in all samples by 9%. 

Table 4-2 lists the facilities in each state that manufacture or process chloroform, the intended use, and the range of maximum amounts of chloroform that are stored on site. The data listed in Table 4-2 are derived from the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI93 1995). Only plants from 3 states (associated with the 4 plants noted above) actually generate chloroform as an end-product for sale or distribution. In most cases, chloroform is a chemical intermediary, impurity, or waste by-product at the 172 facilities included in the TRI survey. Only certain types of facilities were required to report therefore, this is not an exhaustive list. In some cases, facility names are not available or numeric values for amounts of chloroform produced, stored, transferred, or released are missing. This complicates making comparisons between the TRI listings and information from other information sources. 

Any time that you refer to statistics, precise numerical information, charts, tables, graphs, illustrations, or photographs to legitimize your points and analysis, you should always include a footnote or citation and credit your source. Numerical statistics are often subject to dispute. For instance, if you state ... 

Table 1 gives a more detailed cost analysis of MC-soil use. Information Source... 

Table 1 gives costs for the Bugs+Plus system, including discounts for bulk purchases. Information Source D16559X, vendor information... 

The APCI source (Table 2.8) has been used for the analysis of various flavonoids, especially flavonols, flavones, flavanones, and chalcones (Table 2.11). APCI is based on gaseous-phase ionization, and is most suitable for compounds that are partially volatile and have a medium polarity. Thus, the application of APCI with respect to analysis of condensed tannins and anthocyanins is more limited. Compared with ESI, APCI produces more fragment ions in the spectrum due to the harsher vaporization and ionization processes. More information about ESI and APCI can be found in Section 1.4.5. 

A body of chemical information that proved vital to understanding DNA structure came from Erwin Chargaff s analyses of the nucleotide composition of duplex DNAs from various sources (table 25.1). Although the base compositions varied over a wide range, Chargaff found that within the DNA of each source that he examined, the amount of A was very nearly equal to the amount of T, and the amount of G was very nearly equal to the amount of C. The C is present as both unmodified C and, to a lesser extent, 5-methyl-cytosine, which results from postreplicative... 

Data enrichment needs access to external information sources that are not necessarily accessible from the system hosting the database or the web server. It needs update privileges on tables that are outside the core event tables. As such, it may need to be distributed, but not necessarily concurrent. In fact, our implementation locks data enrichment processes at the database level, to ensure that two installations of the application will not attempt the same enrichment procedure. Regarding performance, data enrichment can be delayed by data acquisition. 

The Study Population Results section often comes at the beginning of the Results section in the clinical study report and tells the reviewer about the disposition of the subjects in the study. The ITT population is typically used for these descriptions. Much of the information may be presented in tabular form in in-text tables to make the regulatory reviewers task as easy as possible. All data that are reported in a clinical study report need to be verifiable against original source tables provided in the overall submission, and so each in-text table indicates where the source data relevant to the entries in the table are located. 

The appended tables in Annex A summarize the main regulatory requirements for pharmaceuticals for man and animals and may answer many initial questions. Those who need more detailed information should consult the information sources and references listed in Annex B to this chapter. 

Audit notes are indispensable to allow QA auditors to write an accurate report after the audit. Detailed notes allow the auditor to prepare a meaningful audit report which is based on verified observations. All information collected during an audit is considered audit evidence. Information sources in an audit are, for example, document review, interviews and observation of activities. If applicable, sampling techniques may be applied, for example for SDV and verification of information in tables and listings. Audit observations are only considered audit findings if it is determined after comparison with audit criteria that these are not or insufficiently fulfilled. And finally, audit conclusions can be drawn to assess whether the audit findings impact the validity of the clinical data and the safety of the trial subjects. 

Very likely there is some duplication of information in Table 3.1, namely, when consecutive publications of the same author(s) present data for the same material, it is often difficult to assess if the material was re-synthesized (or at least the measurements were repeated) or the same results were republished. When the same results were clearly republished (the assessment was made intuitively) they are reported only once in Table 3.1, but unless appropriate referencing was provided no effort was made to find out which publication was the original one, i.e. the publication cited as the source is not necessarily the oldest one. 

The information in Table III has been taken from those reviews, except for new information on agar, carrageenan,and sapote gum that has since become available. A book, soon to be published, will bring these details up to date. No published determination of composition or structural information could be located on shiraz and talha gums. Based on their source and properties, both are probably polyglycosiduronic heteroglycans. 

We exploit two pieces of information available in the source tables (1) pairwise similarity of source attributes, and (2) statistical co-occurrence properties of source attributes. The former is used for creating multiple mediated schemas and the latter for assigning probabilities on each of the mediated schemas. 

The second piece of information tells us when two attributes are likely to be different. Consider for example, source table schemas... 

Creating multiple mediated schemas The creation of the multiple mediated schemas constituting the p-med-schema can be divided conceptually into three steps. First, we remove infrequent attributes from the set of all source attributes, that is, attribute names that do not appear in a large fraction of source tables. This step ensures that our mediated schema contains only information that is relevant and central to the domain. In the second step, we construct a weighted graph whose nodes are the attributes that survived the filter of the first step. An edge in the graph is labeled... 

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