Information contradictory

Available information on the mechanism of cyclocondensation is rather contradictory. According to one hypothesis, both the condensation of aryl halides with copper acetylides and the cyclization occur in the same copper complex (63JOC2163 63JOC3313). An alternative two-stage reaction route has also been considered condensation followed by cyclization (66JOC4071 69JA6464). However, there is no clear evidence for this assumption in the literature and information on the reaction of acetylenyl-substituted acids in conditions of acetylide synthesis is absent. 

Without such precise information and, on occasions, even with it, inappropriate floorings are all too often used, resulting in rapid breakdown of the floor in service. In some instances, some of the performance requirements are contradictory (especially 7 and 8 above) and where this happens, a compromise may have to be accepted. 

Its experimental confirmation provides information about the free rotation time tj. However, this is very difficult to do in the Debye case. From one side the density must be high enough to reach the perturbation theory (rotational diffusion) region where i rotational relaxation which is valid at k < 1. The two conditions are mutually contradictory. The validity condition of perturbation theory... 

In postmarketing electronic longitudinal medical records, redundant and potentially contradictory information may come from several sources, (e.g., reports from medical residents, their supervisors, the attending physicians). In these cases time stamping of each event may help to delineate the important sequences in understanding the adverse events. 

Early experimental spectroscopic investigations on Rg- XY complexes resulted in contradictory information regarding the interactions within them and their preferred geometries. Rovibronic absorption and LIF spectra revealed T-shaped excited- and ground-state configurations, wherein the Rg atom is confined to a plane perpendicular to the X—Y bond [10, 19, 28-30]. While these results were supported by the prediction of T-shaped structures based on pairwise additive Lennard-Jones or Morse atom-atom potentials, they seemed to be at odds with results from microwave spectroscopy experiments that were consistent with linear ground-state geometries [31, 32]. Some attempts were made to justify the contradictory results of the microwave and optical spectroscopic studies, and... 

Information is contradictory about the contributions of root-derived C to the C pools available to the root zone and how this readily available C affects the subsequent associated microbial transformations of soil N (107). In a greenhouse experiment that involved growing maize plants and using C natural abundance and isotope "N techniques, 15% of the soil microbial biomass was derived from... 

Recent studies have provided much useful information about the photodegradation of PVC, but a thorough understanding of this subject has obviously not been achieved. Many of the pertinent data are contradictory for reasons not always apparent, although it is certain that the chemistry of the process depends very strongly on reaction variables. Clearly much work remains to be done in this very important field. 

The older data as to the crystallography of the trisaccharide melezitose are not only incomplete but contradictory. Villiers described it as monoclinic, bounded by a prism, m, the base p, and the side pinacoid he obtained the angles g1-.m = 136° 38 and m p = 92° 40. On the other hand Alekhine8 found it to be rhombic, his crystals showing front and side pinacoids, o and a, prism, m, and front and side domes, od and ga, although he recorded no measurements at all. In both cases the dihydrate is supposed to have been represented, but no information has been available to indicate whether this was a case of dimorphism or whether the two authors were in fact not dealing with the same substance. 

The /) values can be determined formally only through careful experiments. Significantly, however, /) values are needed only for species whose concentrations change under the conditions of interest for other species, the quantities can be folded into the corresponding kinetic constant, or the kinetic constant and rate constant. For species whose concentrations are likely to change, such as the reaction substrates, /3 is commonly taken to be one, in the absence of contradictory information... 

Accident statistics on the equipment involved in large losses give somewhat contradictory information (see Table 20). According to Mahoney (1992) the most common process items as primary accident cause are reactors. The next in the list are process drums whereas heaters are one of the safest. This contrasts with Instone s (1989) data, where heaters and boilers were the most common process items in the accidents, whereas reactors and process drums were quite uncommonly involved. This difference may be partly because Mahoney has analyzed the primary causes of large losses, whereas Instone has listed the involvement of equipment in losses. Since furnaces are sources of ignition for flammable leaks from other equipment, furnaces are not necessarily listed as primary causes even they are probably involved as secondary causes in many losses. Therefore the inclusion of both reactors and furnaces in the list of most unsafe equipment is well justified. 

There are a number of informative reviews on anodes for SOFCs [1-5], providing details on processing, fabrication, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of anode materials, especially the nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ) cermet anodes. There are also several reviews dedicated to specific topics such as oxide anode materials [6], carbon-tolerant anode materials [7-9], sulfur-tolerant anode materials [10], and the redox cycling behavior of Ni-YSZ cermet anodes [11], In this chapter, we do not attempt to offer a comprehensive survey of the literature on SOFC anode research instead, we focus primarily on some critical issues in the preparation and testing of SOFC anodes, including the processing-property relationships that are well accepted in the SOFC community as well as some apparently contradictory observations reported in the literature. We will also briefly review some recent advancement in the development of alternative anode materials for improved tolerance to sulfur poisoning and carbon deposition. 

Loss of belief in science is the result of media reports of contradictory research by scientists on a wide range of (mainly health) issues and a belief that science was often used for questionable ends (cloning, developing drugs for profit, and others). Trust in medicine is diminishing following media coverage of mistakes and bad practice by doctors. These concerns influence perceptions of food and food safety if scientists and medical researchers cannot all be trusted, this undermines the information and opinions they provide about food. 

Alkali ions (salts) influence the formation of the precursor gel for most of the synthetic zeolites (3,34,39,40). Na+ ions were shown to enhance in various ways the nucleation process (structure-directing role) (40-42), the subsequent precipitation and crystallization of the zeolite (salting-out effect) (JO and the final size and morphology of the crystallites (34,43). Informations on the various roles played by the inorganic (alkali) cations in synthesis of ZSM-5, such as reported in some recent publications (7,8,10,14,17,29,30,44,45) remain fragmentary, sometines contradictory and essentially qualitative. 

After careful deliberation we have reluctantly refrained from listing data on pigment economics. Reliable data on organic pigments have only been published in a few countries. Moreover, many of the other data turned out to be either contradictory or so incomplete that it was impossible to elicit reliable information from them. 

Only limited data have been published on the degradability of betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB, Fig. 5.1.22), and the limited information available is somewhat contradictory. Swisher reported that total degradability was rather poor (45-58%) [10], whilst Brunner et al. [138] obtained mixed results with a series of the amphoteric surfactants in an extended OECD 302B test and a laboratory trickling test filter. While the two compounds cocoampho diacetate and cocoampho dipropionate were mineralised only to a minor extent, CAPB and cocoampho acetate proved to be nearly totally degradable. 

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