Information sources secondary

Data banks differ as to whether they contain the information itself (primary information or factual data) or whether they refer to other information sources (secondary information or literature data). Some types of data which are important for process development are [Achema 1991] ... 

Secondary information sources (on-line computer systems) containing toxicological information... 

The sources of drug information are extremely diverse and include journals, books, conference proceedings, patents, and trade literature. These sources are generally classified as primary, secondary, or reference compendia/tertiary information. Primary refers to original and new information and secondary refers to reviews and commentaries of the primary information, whereas reference compendia or tertiary usually refers to compilations such as dictionaries and pharmacopoeias. When conducting an information literature search, it is wisest to begin with the reference/ tertiary sources as necessary and then move on to the secondary and finally the primary sources of drug information. 

These latter assumptions make use of thermochemical data ancillary to the enthalpy of hydrogenation. These data are not just the enthalpies of formation of C02(g) and H20(lq), needed for his/her counterpart who measures enthalpies of combustion. The use of ancillary thermochemical information becomes imperative, e.g. the enthalpy of formation of an alkane that is the product of hydrogenating a diene of interest. It is an easy conceptual step to go from ancillary information to secondary sources of thermochemical data. This is consonant with our own bibliographic preferences and prejudices, in this paper we tacitly choose to cite secondary sources over primary sources. This strongly simplifies the writing and reading of our text at the risk of offending an occasional author of an uncited primary research paper. 

The Chemical Information Sources Wiki (http //cheminfo. informatics.indiana.edu/cicc/cis/index.php/Main Page) is a guide to the many sources of reference materials available for those with questions related to chemistry. The site includes information on primary, secondary, and tertiary pubheation sources, chemical information databases, physical property information, chemical patent searching, and molecular visualization tools and sites. The material is based on an undergraduate course offered for many years in the Indiana University Department of Chemistry by Gary Wiggins. 

Results reported in secondary sources (publications reporting previously published results) were avoided in the present compilation, and attempts were made to access the primary source. This process often consisted of many steps, because what appeared to be a primary source often happened to be another secondary source. Secondary sources were chiefly used to acquire information about primary sources. The results from PhD theses, conference proceedings, and publications using non-Latin alphabets are often cited after secondary sources when the original source was not accessible or difficult to understand. It was not always easy to distinguish between primary and secondary sources. In a few papers, it was not clear if they reported an original pi I,), with the reference being cited only for a method, or if the reference was also cited for the value of pH,. Such problems could not be solved without inspection of the reference. 

The ion microprobe was early recognized [2-4] to be a potential chemical microscope for many elements, and qualitative analyses rapidly became routine, especially in the study of metals and doped semiconductors. The ion microprobe uses a focused primary ion beam (O , 02, Cs ) to sputter a small volume of material from a target (usually a solid sample). A fraction of the sputtered atoms, characteristic of the surface composition of the sample, are ionized these secondary ions are the source of information in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (Figure 43.1). 

Anthony, L.J., ed. 1985. Information Sources in Engineering, 2nd ed. London Butterworths. Primary and secondary information sources are discussed, and these are followed with chapters on specific engineering fields. The Aerospace Engineering chapter has an excellent discussion of the technical information programs in a number of countries, key periodicals, abstracts, and a short list of monographs. 

Macleod, R.A. and J. Corlett, eds. 2005. Information Sources in Engineering, 4th ed. New York Bowker Saur. A collection of chapters describing primary and secondary sources in all fields of engineering, and then listing the specific literature in over 20 fields. This edition provides a chapter on aerospace engineering. 

There are different possibilities to address the above set of equations which can be solved provided 2in > 3i, and provided the measured ToF information varies between measurement points. For the purpose of the present work we have taken two simplifying assumptions (a) one virtual source predominates at each measurement point, m and (b) each virtual source predominates at more than one measurement point. Note that assumption (b) ensures the condition 2m > 3i that is necessary to obtain solutions for Equations (2) and (3). These assumptions are justified by considering the defect surface as an acoustic secondary field source. At each measurement point the transducer predominantly receives signals from an... 

Secondary sources of data are useful when they exist. Databases (qv) of pubUshed information have been assembled, and market researchers can tap them provided their company buys the service. These databases can save the market analyst many hours of work. The services also provide much of the general sociopolitical—economic background needed, such as petroleum (qv) prices, government regulations, foreign competition, etc. 

Secondary sources of patent information, Advances in patent documentation. Types of patent information searches. On-line database searching methods. Cross-file and multifile techniques. 

Nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy is useful for determining quaternary stmcture. The N-nmr can distinguish between quaternary ammonium compounds and amines, whether primary, secondary, or tertiary, as well as provide information about the molecular stmcture around the nitrogen atom. The C-nmr can distinguish among oleic, tallow, and hydrogenated tallow sources (194). 

Based on reported consumption plus information from a secondary sources on companies not canvassed, including estimates. 

TOXLINE (non-royalty based) Toxicology Information Online National Library of Medicine 8600 Roekville Pike Bethesda, MD 20894 (301) 496-1131 On-line bibliographic database covering the pharmacological, physiological, and toxicological effects of drugs and chemicals. Information is taken from eleven secondary sources. 

Li ion batteries are heavily advertised as the future power sources for electric vehicles. This seems premature because the technology of heat management and many questions of safety are not solved. Fuel cells and several types of secondary batteries have a long history in the field of electric vehicle propulsion, with successes and failures. For information on electric vehicle batteries, see [16-22],... 

Good current sources of information on the environment are newspapers. The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, and Environment magazine. Professional science writers have been particularly helpful to high school teachers. Several college-level texts (12,13) are resources for high school teachers.and, with appropriate modification, could be used as reference texts by secondary students. 

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