Industrial Manufacturers Association

C. H. Swanson, Statementfor the Health Industry Manufacturers Association, before the House Government Operations Subcommittee in Information, Justice, Transportation, and Agriculture, Washington, D.C., Oct. 5, 1994. 

The microbiological studies above are conducted to establish the appropriate dose level to be used to sterilize each specific product or commodity to an acceptable level of statistical nonsterility. These studies should be conducted following qualification of the irradiation facility. The Health Industry Manufacturers Associ-aton (HIMA) [39] has suggested major items to be included in the qualification phase of the validation scheme for radiation sterilization installation. 

Health Industry Manufacturers Association. Medical Device Sterilization Monographs, Sterilization Cycle Development, report no. 78-4.2 (1978). 

Health Industry Manufacturers Association (HIMA), Microbiological evaluation of filters for sterihzing hquids, HIMA Document No.3, Vol. 4, 34 pp., 1982. 

The chapters in Part III therefore tease out experiences of some of the key aspects of health-industry interactions in more detail and identify some important policy issues to be tackled. All these issues are framed by political economy considerations of the ethics, interests and institutions involved. They include the highly contentious matters of price controls and standard setting for pharmaceutical products, plus examination of sources and problems of financing, the scope for innovative procurement processes that can reflect health system values while providing incentives for industrial investment, and the contested but important role of industrial manufacturers associations and political lobbying. 

The Brominated Flame Retardants Industry Panel (BFRIP) was formed ia 1985 within the Flame Retardant Chemicals Association (FRCA) to address such concerns about the use of decabromodiphenyl oxide. Siace 1990 the BFRIP has operated as a Chemical Self-Funded Technical Advocacy and Research (CHEMSTAR) panel within the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) (64). As of 1993, members of BFRIP are Ak2o, Amerihaas (Dead Sea Bromine Group), Ethyl Corp., and Great Lakes Chemical. Siace its formation, BFRIP has presented updates to iadustry on a regular basis (65,66), and has pubhshed a summary of the available toxicity information on four of the largest volume brominated flame retardants (67,68) tetrabromo bisphenol A, pentabromodiphenyl oxide, octabromodiphenyl oxide, and decabromodiphenyl oxide. This information supplements that summarized ia Table 11. 

BrominatedFlame Retardants Industry Panel, Chemical Manufacturers Association, Washington, D.C. 

T. E. Stewart, M Survey of the Chemistry of Amino Acids-Reducing Sugar Reaction in Relation to Aroma Production, Scientific and Technical Surveys No. 61, British Eood Manufacturing Industries Research Association, London, Dec. 1969. 

Each segment of the insulated wire and cable industry has its own set of standards, and cables are built to conform to specifications provided by a large variety of technical associations such as The Institute of Electrical Electronic Engineers (IEEE), The Insulated Cable Engineers Association, (ICEA), National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), Rural Electrification Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (REA), Association of Edison Illumination Companies (AEIC), MiUtary Specifications of the Department of Defense (MIL), American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), National Electrical Code (NEC), etc. 

Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1300 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Va., 22209, (703) 741-5000, which offers information about Responsible Care (a registered trademark of CMA) and regulatory impact on the chemical industry. 

Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1100 New York Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20005, (202) 414-4100, which offers information about regulatory impact on the chemical industry, particularly small and batch operations. 

A. A. Rosenblatt and J. E. Knapp, Health Industry Manufacturer s Association (HTMAJ Conference Proceedings, 1988, Washington, D.C., pp. 47—50. 

Tolling operations should be held to the same principles of public openness and communication espoused by forward thinking companies in the chemical industry. In 1988, the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA) initiated the Responsible Care initiative to assist in making this possible. Its goal is to lead the chemical industry in ethical practices that increasingly benefit society, the economy and the environment. 

The American Chemistry Council, formerly the Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA), and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers Center for Chemical Process Safety (AIChE/CCPS) have jointly published Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry User s Guide to Quantitative Risk Analysis. This is a revised and updated edition of Evaluating Process Safety in the Chemical Industry A Manager s Guide to Quantitative Risk Analysis, published in 1989 by CMA. 

Fig. 25-3. Bubble concept. This pollution control concept places an imaginary bubble over an entire industrial plant, evaluating emissions from the facility as a whole instead of requiring control point-by-point on emission sources. Numbers represent emissions from individual sources, some of which can be fugitive sources, and from the entire industrial plant. Source Drawing courtesy of the Chemical Manufacturers Association.

The control of chemical reactions (e.g., esterification, sulfonation, nitration, alkylation, polymerization, oxidation, reduction, halogenation) and associated hazards are an essential aspect of chemical manufacture in the CPI. The industries manufacture nearly all their products, such as inorganic, organic, agricultural, polymers, and pharmaceuticals, through the control of reactive chemicals. The reactions that occur are generally without incident. Barton and Nolan [1] examined exothermic runaway incidents and found that the principal causes were ... 

Lorenzo, D. K. (1990). A Manager s Cuide to Reducing Human Errors Improving Human Performance in the Chemical Industry. Washington, D. C. Chemical Manufacturers Association. 

Formerly known as Chemical Manufacturers Association (CMA). A trade association of chemical manufacturers, representing more than 90 percent of the production for basic industrial chemicals in the US. Administers research in areas significant to chemical manufacturing such as air and water pollution control operates Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (CHEMTREC) to control and report chemical accidents. ACC is organized by industrial groups and also by issue groups that sen>e as coordinators and advocators in their fields of specializations. 

American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), 278 American Crop Protection Association (ACPA), 267, 278 American Cyanamid Agricultural Products Division, See BASF Agricultural Products Group (US), 216 American Fiber Manufacturers Association, hic. (AFMA), 268 American Hydrogen Association (AHA), 268 American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA), 278 American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), 268 American Institute of Chemists, The (AIC), 268 American Methanol Institute (AMI), 268 American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS), 268 American Ordnance LLC, 216 American Pacific Corporation (AMPAC), 216 American Peptide Society (APS), 268... 

Canadian Chemical Producers Association (CCPA), 258 Canadian Drug Manufacturers Association (CDMA), 259 Canadian Environment Industry Association, Ontario (CEIA Ontario), 275... 

New regulatory initiatives (e.g., from OSHA and EPA) and industry programs (e.g., the Chemical Manufacturers Association s Responsible Cate effort) have stimulated increased attention to PSM. While compliance is certainly a requirement in deciding to implement PSM, it is by no means the only ben t. Rather, compliance is the baseline from which other benefits evolve. The quality and effectiveness of the system your company ultimately adopts could well depend on how persuasively those benefits are conveyed. Remember, at this point in your initiative, the goal is to win endorsement of a concept, not approval of a full-fledged plan. The core of that concept is the idea that PSM offers benefits over and above compliance with new regulations, or conformance with an industry initiative. 

Commitments to industiy programs If your company is committed to an industry initiative, such as the American Petroleum Institute s RP750 or the Chemical Manufacturers Association s Responsible Care program, you will want to ensure that you are consistent with the framework used by that program. 

The Chemical Manufacturers Association s Code of Management Practice for Process Safety is oriented toward the chemical industry, and describes the elements of a process safety management program as part of CMA s Responsible Care program. 

Despite the lack of interest in human factors issues in the CPI in the past, the situation is now changing. In 1985, Trevor Kletz published his landmark book on human error in the CPI An Engineer s View of Human Error (revised in 1991). Several other books by the same author e.g., Kletz (1994b) have also addressed the issue of human factors in case studies. Two other publications have also been concerned specifically with human factors in the process industry Lorenzo (1990) was commissioned by the Chemical Manufacturers Association in the USA, and Mill (1992), published by the U.K. Institution of Chemical Engineers. In 1992, CCPS and other organizations sponsored a conference on Human Factors and Human Reliability in Process Safety (CCPS, 1992c). This was further evidence of the growing interest in the topic within the CPI. 

The case study that follows is reproduced with permission from the Chemical Manufacturers Association publication Improving Human Performance in the Chemical Industry A Manager s Guide, Lorenzo (1990). Another CPI case study that uses THERP is documented in Banks and Wells (1992). 

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