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Industrial equipment used

Industrial equipment use for reactive processing is limited by the permissible injection pressure. The model being discussed can also be used to estimate the pressure drop necessary to fill the mold. The pressure changes during the filling process, and the time dependence of the pressure is determined by the rheokinetic properties of the reactive mixture and the dimensions... [Pg.211]

A lot of heat of polymerization per unit volume, which cannot be conducted away quickly in the large industrial equipment used, is produced in bulk polymerizations. The gel effect can also cause additional overheating. Depending on the polymerizing system and means used for temperature control, the local overheating can lead to multimodal molar mass distributions and polymer branching, explosions, polymer decomposition, or to discoloration of the polymer. [Pg.235]

It is known that lead may reach food from many sources, for example, water, pieces of the industrial equipment used for processing and, at home, through cooking and/or tableware, in particular in traditionally glazed pottery. [Pg.33]

Some industrial processes produce predorninately latent air conditioning loads. Others dictate very low humidities and when the dew point falls below 0°C, free2ing becomes a major concern. Dehydration equipment, using soHd sorbents such as siUca gel and activated alurnina, or Hquid sorbents such as lithium chloride brine and triethylene glycol, may be used. The process is exothermic and may require cooling the exiting air stream to meet space requirements. Heat is also required for reactivation of the sorbent material. [Pg.362]

Petroleum and Natural Gas. Over 90% of the 428,000 t of caustic soda used in the petroleum and natural gas industry is used to process oil and gas into marketable products, especially by removing acidic contaminants. The remainder is used primarily to decrease corrosion of drilling equipment and to increase the solubiUty of drilling mud components by maintaining an alkaline pH (6). [Pg.518]

The use of inverter-type power suppHes (63) in place of doubler-type 6O-H2 suppHes results in significant reduction in the weight of microwave ovens. Disadvantages are primarily cost for the consumer market in addition to somewhat less efficiency and increased noise. Their use in commercial or industrial equipment is more attractive. [Pg.342]

Much of the equipment used in the recovery system is identical with or closely related to equipment used in other chemical industries. This includes multiple-effect evaporators, and forced-circulation concentrators, causticizing equipment, and lime kiln. The function and nature of equipment essentially unique to the kraft recovery system are discussed herein. [Pg.268]

Saline Water for Municipal Distribution. Only a very small amount of potable water is actually taken by people or animals internally, and it is quite uneconomical to desalinate all municipally piped water, although all distributed water must be clear and free of harmful bacteria. Most of the water piped to cities and industry is used for Htfle more than to carry off small amounts of waste materials or waste heat. In many locations, seawater can be used for most of this service. If chlorination is requited, it can be accompHshed by direct electrolysis of the dissolved salt (21). Arrayed against the obvious advantage of economy, there are several disadvantages use of seawater requites different detergents sewage treatment plants must be modified the usual metal pipes, pumps, condensers, coolers, meters, and other equipment corrode more readily chlorination could cause environmental poUution and dual water systems must be built and maintained. [Pg.237]

In addition to chemical synthesis and enhanced oil recovery, gaseous carbon dioxide is used in the carbonated beverage industry. Carbon dioxide gas under pressure is introduced into mbber and plastic mixes, and on pressure release a foamed product is produced. Carbon dioxide and inert gas mixtures rich in carbon dioxide are used to purge and fiH industrial equipment to prevent the formation of explosive gas mixtures. [Pg.24]

The U-tube exchanger with copper tubes, cast-iron header, and other parts of carbon steel is used for water and steam services in office buildings, schools, hospitals, hotels, etc. Nonferrous tube sheets and admiralty or 90-10 copper-nickel tubes are the most frequently used substitute materials. These standard exchangers are available from a number of manufacturers at costs far below those of custom-built process-industry equipment. [Pg.1069]

Frequency Phase 3 Use Branch Point Estimates to Develop a Ere-quency Estimate for the Accident Scenarios. The analysis team may choose to assign frequency values for initiating events and probability values for the branch points of the event trees without drawing fault tree models. These estimates are based on discussions with operating personnel, review of industrial equipment failure databases, and review of human reliability studies. This allows the team to provide initial estimates of scenario frequency and avoids the effort of the detailed analysis (Frequency Phase 4). In many cases, characterizing a few dominant accident scenarios in a layer of protection analysis will provide adequate frequency information. [Pg.40]

Industrial equipment is a continuing area of development for plastics. Pipes, pumps, valves and sight glasses, made from such materials as PVC, PTFE and poly-4-methylpent-l-ene, have become well established on account of their corrosion resistance. The nylons are used for such diverse applications as mine conveyor belts and main drive gears for knitting machines and paper-making equipment. These and other materials are widely used where such features as toughness, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, non-stick properties, electrical insulation capability and transparency are of importance. [Pg.14]

Polyethylene can be compounded on any of the standard types of mixing equipment used for visco-elastic materials. For laboratory purposes a two-roll mill is suitable operating temperatures varying from about 90°C to about 140°C according to the type of polymer. On the industrial scale, compounding is undertaken either in internal mixers, or more particularly, extrusion compounders. [Pg.232]

At one time it was widely expected that EPDM rubbers would become of significance in the tyre sector. For a variety of reasons but primarily because of the high cost of the diene monomers this expectation has not been realised. On the other hand these rubbers have become widely accepted as moderately heat-resisting materials with good weathering, oxygen and ozone resistance and they find extensive use in cars, domestic and industrial equipment. [Pg.300]

This section describes the major industrial processes within the petroleum refining industry, ineluding the materials and equipment used, and the processes employed. The section is necessary for an understanding of the interrelationships between the industrial processes, the types of air emissions, and control and pollution prevention approaehes. Deseriptions of eommonly used production processes, assoeiated raw materials, by-produets produeed are first deseribed. Petroleum refining is the physieal, thermal, and chemical separation of erude oil into its major distillation fraetions, which are then further proeessed through a series of separation and eonversion steps into finished petroleum produets. The primary products of the industry fall into three major categories ... [Pg.79]

Additionally, the equipment used in the petroleum refining industry are very... [Pg.109]

The third category, cake filters, although well developed in many wastewater treatment applications, are the least developed of the filtration equipment use by the Biotech Industry. In the organic synthesis laboratory sometimes very simple equipment like a funnel and filter paper is used to accomplish this operation. Some other operations used for this filtration step in the lab are more sophisticated, but many are very labor intensive and limit the capacity of the overall production process itself. As a result, there is a need for optimization of the cake filtration equipment used in biotechnology. Cake filtration equipment is available in batch and continuous modes. Following are several examples of cake filtration units ... [Pg.185]


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Equipment used

Industrial use

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