Industrial chemicals, toxicology

Lauwerys, R., Bernard, A., and Cardenas, A. 1992. Monitoring of early nephrotoxic effect on industrial chemicals. Toxicology Letters, Dec Spec (33-42) 64-65. 

Konemann, H., Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Fish Toxicity Studies. 1. Relationship for 50 Industrial Chemicals, Toxicology, 19,209-221 (1981). 

Glossary contains definitions of industrial chemical, toxicological, application and process terminology that are used in this reference. 

R. E. Gosselin and co-workers. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, Williams Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md., 1976, p. 86 M. Sittig, Hazardous and Toxic Effects of Industrial Chemicals, Noyes Data Corp., Park Ridge, N.J., 1979, p. 102. 

Offers direct access to virtually all of the world s scientific and data bases for toxicology and related information. Covers chemicals, pesticides, food additives, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, environmental pollutants, and pharmaceuticals. The Center is online to more than 400 computerized databases, including DIALOG, MEDLARS, STN International, ITIS, and DROLS. It performs searches for outside users for a fee. 

Chemicals in this class include agricultural and industrial chemicals that are readily available and possess appropriate chemical and toxicological properties to create a mass impact if deliberately released. These materials were selected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Department of Defense. 

Environmental Quality. The abstracts come from journals or digests published by CSA on important issues including environmental pollution, toxicological studies of industrial chemicals, ecological impacts of biologically active chemicals, as well as health, safety, and risk management in occupational situations. The POLTOX CD-ROM contains over 200,000 records from these sources since 1981. 

Nelson BK. 1985. Developmental neurotoxicology of environmental and industrial agents. In Blum, Manzo. Drug and chemical toxicology series No. 3. Neurotoxicology (Marcel Dekker) 163-201. 

P. J. Groenen and E. Busink, Alkylating activity in food products - especially sauerkraut and sour fermented dairy products - after incubation with nitrite under quasi-gastric conditions. Eood and Chemical Toxicology An International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 26(3), 215-225. 1988. 

The data required for the risk assessment in relation to human health can be categorized as data on the identity of the substance, its physico-chemical and toxicological properties, and on exposure. The minimum data set required for a risk assessment depends on the chemical use category (industrial chemical, pesticide, biocide, food additive, food contact material, etc.), the regulation involved, and the goal of the risk assessment. This chapter will focus on the data used in the hazard assessment. 

The TLVs and BEIs are health-based values established by committees that review existing published and peer-reviewed literature in various scientific disciplines (e.g., industrial hygiene, toxicology, occupational medicine, and epidemiology). TLVs have been recommended for more than 700 chemical substances and physical agents and there are more than 50 BEIs that cover more than 80 chemical substances. Documentations provide the rationale for the TLVs and BEIs these can be purchased via the ACGIH Web site (ACGIH 2007). 

The main emphasis is paid to the identification of the basic principles for combined actions and interactions of chemicals (Section 10.2), and to the current knowledge on effects of exposures to mixtures of industrial chemicals, including pesticides and environmental contaminants. Test strategies to assess combined actions and interactions of chemicals in mixtures (Section 10.3) as well as toxicological test methods (Section 10.4) are addressed, approaches used in the assessment of chemical mixtures are presented (Section 10.5), and examples of experimental studies using simple, well-defined mixtures are given (Section 10.6). 

Letavet AA, Sanotsky IV, eds. 1973. The toxicology of new industrial chemical substances. Moscow, USSR USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. 

Kirk D. F. Othmer, Eds, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Interscience, NY, v 7 (1951), pp 847-870 C. H. Hine L. Lewis, Industrial Hygiene Toxicology (13 refs) 29)... 

ECETOC (1986) Joint Assessment of Commodity Chemicals, No. 7, Ethylbenzene, Brassels, European Chemical Industry Ecology Toxicology Centre Edgerton, S.A., Holdren, M.W., Smith, D.L. Shah, J.J. (1989) Inter-rrrban comparison of ambient volatile organic compound concentrations in US cities. J. Am. Pollut Control Assoc., 39, 729-732... 

DePass, L.R., Fowler, E.H. Letmg, H.-W. (1995) Subchronic dermal toxicity study of triethanolamine in C3H/HeJ mice. Food chem. Toxicol., 33, 675-680 Dean, B.J., Brooks, T.M., Hodson-Walker, G Hutsorr, D.H. (1985) Genetic toxicology testing of 41 industrial chemicals. Mutat. Res., 153, 55-77... 

However, the ultimate reason is perhaps rooted in the Toxics Substances Control Act (TSCA). As it currently exists, the TSCA does not require chemical manufacturers to develop commercial chemicals that are safe, or to provide evidence of safety as a condition for marketing in the USA. If the TSCA were amended such that that it authorized the EPA to require that chemical manufacturers provide evidence of safety of new industrial chemical substances before such substances can be marketed, this would no doubt have a ripple effect in academia, government, and the private sector. This ripple effect would effectively force changes in the current approach to chemical education, place more emphasis on mechanistic research in toxicology, and foster greater multidisciplinary collaboration in the research and development of safer commercial chemicals. 

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