INDEX inventory

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

Has the capacity to store and manage MSDS and chemical inventory form data Data manipulation including cross indexing lists to identify all facilities using a particular chemical. 

The location could be controlled by index, register, inventory, or other such means which enables you to identify on what machines particular versions of the software are installed, where copies and the master tapes or disks are stored. 

An organized document filing system must be maintained. This could be a paper file, an electronic document file, or a mixture of both. The equipment inventory system contains key information on the components of each system, their performance criteria and maintenance and calibration status. All documents including installation and performance documentation, as with other documents necessary to demonstrate the quality of the data, include SOPs for the qualification procedures, calibration, maintenance, personnel training, etc. If the manufacturer s operating, service, or maintenance manuals are used or cited in the operating procedures, copies of these manuals should be maintained. To facilitate retrieval, documentation should be stored in a central location and be indexed for easy retrieval. 

Multidimensional assessment tools obtain information about the pain and impact on quality of life, but are often more time-consuming to complete. Examples of these types of tools include the Initial Pain Assessment Tool, Brief Pain Inventory, McGill Pain Questionnaire, the Neuropathic Pain Scale, and the Oswestry Disability Index.29-33... 

The EPS system was initially developed to be used within the product development process as a tool to help assess the environmental performance of products. The system is based on LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) methodology and uses inventory data (kg of substance A), characterization factors (impact/kg of substance X) and weighting factors (cost/impacts) to calculate the external costs or values of a product. By multiplying the characterization factor with the weighting factor, an impact index is obtained (cost/kg of substance X) which describe the cost/values related to the emission per use of a kg of a certain substance. 

Hazards surveys This can be as simple as an inventory of hazardous materials, or it can be as detailed as the Dow indexes. The Dow indexes are a formal rating system, much like an income tax form, that provide penalties for hazards and credits for safety equipment and procedures. 

A hazards survey can be as simple as an inventory of hazardous materials in a facility or as complicated as a rigorous procedure such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (F EI)2 and the... 

The total index is divided into Chemical and Process Inherent Safety Index. The previous is formed of subindices for reaction heats, flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, corrosiveness and chemical interaction. The latter is formed of subindices for inventory, process temperature, pressure and the safety of equipment and process structure. 

Prototype Index of Inherent Safety (PUS) Chemical score inventory, flammability, explosiveness and toxicity Process score temperature, pressure and yield Total score sum of the chemical and process scores... 

Also indices such as the Dow Fire and Explosion Hazard Index and the Mond Index have been suggested to measure the degree of inherent SHE of a process. Rushton et al. (1994) pointed out that these indices can be used for the assessment of existing plants or at the detailed design stages. They require detailed plant specifications such as the plot plan, equipment sizes, material inventories and flows. Checklists, interaction matrices, Hazop and other hazard identification tools are also usable for the evaluation, because all hazards must be identified and their potential consequences must be understood. E.g. Hazop can be used in different stages of process design but in restricted mode. A complete Hazop-study requires final process plans with flow sheets and PIDs. 

The Process Inherent Safety Index IPI (Eq.5) expresses the inherent safety of the process itself. It contains subindices of inventory, process temperature and pressure, equipment safety and safe process structure. 

The calculations of the Inherent Safety Index (ISI) are made on the basis of the worst situation. The approach of the worst case describes the most risky situation that can appear. A low index value represents an inherently safer process. In the calculations the greatest sum of flammability, explosiveness and toxic exposure subindices is used. For inventory and process temperature and pressure the maximum expected values are used. The worst possible interaction between chemical substances or pieces of equipment and the worst process structure give the values of these subindices. 

For OSBL inventory values based on Mond Index (ICI, 1985) were used. These were used also for ISBL by Edwards et al. (1993) but the experts criticized this, since the relevant inventory scale in ISBL is much smaller (Lawrence, 1996). Also due to a tighter layout the same inventory in ISBL is more dangerous than in OSBL. Therefore a new scale was developed by scaling the Mond values by using the expert recommendations in Lawrence s work (1996). See Table 15. 

For offsite equipment the scores 0-3 have been used instead of scores 0-4 for ISBL equipment (HeikkilS and Hurme, 1998b), since the offsites represent only one third of all losses (Instone, 1989) and are therefore not as essential as ISBL. Also much of the risks of OSBL are due to the large inventory of flammable or toxic chemicals, which are discussed by the inventory, flammability and toxicity indices, not by the Equipment Safety Index. Also the equipment of same size is probably safer in OSBL than in ISBL because of the larger spacings in layout. 

Calculation of fitness by using the inherent safety index. Only inventory, equipment safety, heat of reaction and process configuration subindices were considered. 

In this thesis an inherent safety index for evaluating inherent safety in preliminary process design was presented. The inherent safety of a process is affected by both chemical and process engineering aspects. These have been dealt separately, since the index was divided into the Chemical Inherent Safety Index and the Process Inherent Safety Index. These two indices consist of several subindices which further depict specific safety aspects. The Chemical Inherent Safety Index describes the inherent safety of chemicals in the process. The affecting factors are the heat of the main reaction and the maximum heat of possible side reactions, flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, corrosiveness and the interaction of substances present in the process. The Process Inherent Safety Index expresses safety of the process itself. The subindices describe maximum inventory, maximum process temperature and pressure, safety of equipment and the safety of process structure. 

In order to reflect these lead times, the concept of a timestamp is introduced. Timestamp is used in computer science documenting the system time when a certain event or transaction occurs e.g. for logging events (N.N. 2007). In the context of future inventory value planning, the time-stamp marks the period, when the first raw material has reached a certain stage in the value chain network included into a specific product. In the example illustrated in fig. 57, the raw material is processed in the same period to be converted into product 1. Therefore, all four value chain steps indexed from one to four occur in the same period and have the same time-stamp one. Conversion into product 2, however, requires additional time caused by production lead times, safety inventory and/or transportation time, that the steps indexed with five and six have a time stamp of two. The timestamp reflects that the inventory value of product 2 is not based on the raw material costs from the same period but based on the raw material costs from the previous period in order to reflect the lead time. Consequently, value chain indices and timestamps are defined for all steps and can cover multiple periods reflecting that raw materials in a global complex multi-stage value chain network can take several months, until they are sold as part of a finished product to the market. 

Final material cost rates and product value rates are determined based on the indexed material cost and product value rates. Multiple indexed material cost and product value rates occur, if cyclic material flows exist in the value chain. In order to apply index-independent cost and value rates in the model for future inventory planning, the maximum value and cost rates are determined for all products, locations and periods across all value chain steps i. 

Inventory Index Sets, Control and Input Data... 

The distribution cost index combines variable transportation and warehousing costs as well as capital costs for local and transit inventories. 

A— Transport sent quantity index -O— Transit inventories index... 

Inventories in the first months are relatively high compared to the minimum inventory index due to higher actual inventories at the beginning of the planning horizon as shown in fig. 79. 

Fig. 85 shows the different exchange rate index experiments on the horizontal axis with the basis experiment indexed with 100. The total profit index is represented by the column bar related to the left vertical axis. The volume indices for sales, inventory, production and procurement as well as the value-added index are represented by the lines with markers related to the right vertical axis. This figure structure and the sequence of indices oriented at the value chain structure will be used also in the following experiments. 

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