Specific Safety Aspects

Over the last few decades, safety has become one of the most important topics related to food. From this view, quality control of vegetable raw materials has at first to cover the following issues natural and anthropogenic contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, pollution from industrial and private combustions, not professionally deposited waste products, radionuclides), residues of fertilisers (e.g. nitrate), plant-conditioning and plant-protective agents, filth, pests, the microbial status and the occurrence of microbial toxins. It is not possible to discuss all these aspects in detail however, with a focus on herbs and spices, two of them should be stressed more thoroughly. For further information, see [8]. 

As background, it has to be remembered that a large number of our spices are imported from less-developed tropical and subtropical countries which often lack the necessary consistency in the application of a quality-oriented cultivation and adequate processing. The hot, humid climate prevailing in many cultivation countries, the mostly simple, unpretentious production conditions, and 

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In this thesis an inherent safety index for evaluating inherent safety in preliminary process design was presented. The inherent safety of a process is affected by both chemical and process engineering aspects. These have been dealt separately, since the index was divided into the Chemical Inherent Safety Index and the Process Inherent Safety Index. These two indices consist of several subindices which further depict specific safety aspects. The Chemical Inherent Safety Index describes the inherent safety of chemicals in the process. The affecting factors are the heat of the main reaction and the maximum heat of possible side reactions, flammability, explosiveness, toxicity, corrosiveness and the interaction of substances present in the process. The Process Inherent Safety Index expresses safety of the process itself. The subindices describe maximum inventory, maximum process temperature and pressure, safety of equipment and the safety of process structure. 

For live attenuated vaccines, specific safety aspects must also be studied clinically. As live viruses or bacteria replicate in the vaccine and may be shed into the environment, the potential transmission of vaccine microorganisms to unvaccinated subjects must be studied. If transmission is possible or Kkely, the vaccine s genotypic and phenotypic stability must be carefully studied and confirmed. 

The successful use of both the HAZOP study and the what-if analysis is dependent on the expertise and experience of the individuals who make up the review teams. Essentially, both are really nothing more than exercises in communication. While each method can be conducted as a separate analysis, the what-if analysis is almost always a primary component of a complete HAZOP study. Information is presented, discussed, analyzed, and recorded. Specific safety aspects and requirements are identified so that appropriate design considerations can be determined. The objective is accident prediction, and the end result is accident prevention. 

There are several points to think about when considering an on-line trial. Some of these considerations are generic to all analyzers, but, in addition, there are some specific safety aspects about using a Raman analyzer. The generic questions revolve around the sampling interface integrity and the analyzer enclosure. These generic questions are outside the scope of this chapter, but further information can be found in Chapter 3. The Raman-specific questions resolve around three areas of laser safety, namely with respect to the sample, the process environment, and the operator. These three areas can be broken down further ... 

It is no longer simple deterministic thinking that governs safety evaluations. The use of probabilistic approaches has become a commonly accepted practice. Probabilistic ranking is accepted for ranking deterministic evaluation. Probabihstic models also permit testing of the sensitivity of a specific safety aspect when compared with overall plant safety. 

Type B1 -standards are about certain specific safety aspects including safety of control systems, noise, vibration, safety distances, etc. 

Certain types of equipment are specifically excluded from the scope of the directive. It is self-evident that equipment which is already regulated at Union level with respect to the pressure risk by other directives had to be excluded. That is the case with simple pressure vessels, transportable pressure equipment, aerosols and motor vehicles. Other equipment, such as carbonated drink containers or radiators and piping for hot water systems are excluded from the scope because of the limited risk involved. Also excluded are products which are subject to a minor pressure risk which are covered by the directives on machinery, lifts, low voltage, medical devices, gas appliances and on explosive atmospheres. A further and last group of exclusions refers to equipment which presents a significant pressure risk, but for which neither the free circulation aspect nor the safety aspect necessitated their inclusion. 

Specifications, Standards, Quality Control and Health and Safety Aspects. The OSB industry is represented by the APA—The... 

This is the primary legislation concerning the gas industry in the UK, together with certain section of the Gas Act 1972 and the Gas Act 1965 which have not been repealed. The Gas Act does not have great relevance to safety aspects of gas utilization. However, specific regulations can be published under this enabling Act. 

Employees will need job-specific training, which includes the health and safety aspects of the Job. 

Delineation of these three zones should be based on sampling and monitoring results and on an evaluation of the potential routes and amount of contaminant dispersion in the event of a release. Movement of personnel and equipment among these zones should be minimized and restricted to specific access control points to prevent cross-contamination from contaminated areas to clean areas. A decision for evaluating health and safety aspects of decontamination methods is presented in Figure 16.22.105... 

Publication NMAB 318-2. Fire Safety Aspects of Polymeric Materials, Vol. 2 - Test Methods, Specifications and Standards National Academy of Sciences Washington, D. C., Technomic Publishing Co., 1979. 

In Table 8 the score domain vary from one subindex to another. The range of the scores reflects the importance of the specific subindex to the plant safety. This choice was made on the basis of the inquiry of Edwards et al. (1996). Eight experts from different fields of process safety were asked, which inherent safety aspects they considered most relevant. The experts both named the parameters, which they considered essential for assessing inherent safety and gave a score for each parameter to represent its relative importance. 

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