Identification research needs

Pettersson, L. and Westerholm, R., State of the art of multi-fuel reformers for fuel cell vehicles Problem identification and research needs, Int. ]. Hydrogen Energ., 26, 243, 2001. 

R. Westerholm, L.J. Pettersson, State of the Art Multi-Fuel Reformers for Automotive Fuel Cell Applications Problem Identification and Research Needs, KFB Swedish Transport Communications Research Board, Stockholm, October 31, 1999. 

According to the National Research Council of the National Academy of Science, risk assessment consists of four broad but interrelated components hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization, as depicted in Figure 24.1. The reader should, however, be aware that these risk assessment activities can provide research needs that improve the accuracy of estimating the risk or probability of an adverse outcome. 

Assessors should base their selection of methods on clearly defined decision criteria, and they need to communicate the results using clear and transparent language. This includes statements on the extrapolation issues that were considered but not addressed, and the magnitude and direction of the bias that may have been introduced by the extrapolation or lack thereof. In lower tiers and prospective risk assessment, this should lead to setting more appropriate UFs and ensure that lower tier approaches are more conservative than higher tier approaches. All this helps assessors to make informed decisions, on one hand, but it also allows the identification of future research needs, on the other hand, especially when methods are not available. 

H.A. Tilson, Developmental neurotoxicity of endocrine disruptors and pesticides. Identification of important gaps and research needs. Environ. Health Perspect. 106 807, 1998. 

Identification and prioritization of research needs at the international level would result in more focused and strategic research initiatives by both the pesticide manufacturers and the larger research community. For example, the USEPA National Exposure Research Laboratory has identified general areas of research needs in children s exposure assessments for environmental exposures (Cohen Hubal et al 2000). There is a requirement to develop harmonized priorities for research that would strengthen risk assessment methodologies for pesticides. This would need to be followed by an effective communication strategy so that funding bodies and the research community were informed about such priorities. 

General research needs lie in the areas of detection, decontamination, and treatment. Better and cheaper methods need to be developed for the rapid detection and measurement of mycotoxin levels be it in food or tissues. In regard to bioterrorism, better methods need to be developed for the identification and measurement of mycotoxins in human and animal tissues, body fluids, and feces. Availability of mycotoxin reference samples to provide comparability of analytical results obtained between laboratories within a country as well as in different parts of the world would be helpful. 

ECETOC acts as an independent, credible peer-reviewed technical resource to all concerned with the identification of research needs and provision of scientific rationale for the assessment of health effects and environmental impact, and thereby to... 

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight our current state of knowledge on the distribution of different types of nitrogen compounds in humic substances and to project future research needs, especially with regard to the identification of the unknown nitrogen in humic substances and the relationship between carbon and nitrogen. 

Tilson HA, Kodavanti PR. 1997. Neirrochemical effects of polychlorinated biphenyls an overview and identification of research needs. Neurotoxicology 18(3) 727-743. 

The surveys by coimtry include an overview of Air quality monitoring, Atmospheric Chemistry research and Air pollution modelling. For all topics, Institutions and groups involved, Historical aspects. Current projects and studies performed in the last 5 years. National strategies. Achievements, and Publications are discussed. An analysis of problems and the identification of needs is made collectively for all the countries. 

Contents Indude properties of fluids and media DNAPL transport, site characterization, end site identification and investigation implications nontnvadve and invasive characterization methods laboratory measurements case studies and research needs. 

Identification of Research Needs in the Water Monitoring Sector... 

Regarding WFD monitoring, the identification of research needs is of course fed by advances in scientific knowledge, but it is also directly influenced by the Directive s agenda. In this respect, research needs in support of water monitoring may be defined according to timing considerations ... 

In carrying out the collaborative and iterative process of identification of research needs to support the WFD implementation, it came out that compliance with agriculture was one of the priorities of the Adour-Garonne RED. Therefore, a pilot river basin (PRB), Gascogne Rivers , has been proposed to the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS, see Section 10.1.2). This PRE has a size of 6800 km (6% of the district), with a popnlation of 263 000 inhabitants (4 % of the district s permanent population). 

Inorganic As(III) and As(V) are the dominant arsenic species present in most natural waters. Methylated arsenic species may be present at lower concentrations that vary with biological and anthropogenic activities. Uncharacterized arsenic fractions have also been reported and research into their identification is needed. 

Science and technology transfer meetings assume two formats which in many respects are mirror images of each other. One type of meeting involves identification by leading industrial scientists of basic research needs for emerging new industrial technologies. Two of these so called CCR Univer-sity/Industry Interface Symposia are summarized in Table III. 

The above has led to the identification of five areas of research needed that, eventually, advanced the usage of surfactants in soil and more so aquifer remediation (1) solubilization of hydrophobic organic compounds, (2) mobilization of hydrophobic organic compounds, (3) modification of colloidal stability, (4) immobilization of hydrophobic organic compounds, and (5) alteration of the matrix formation permeability. 

A major future research need is for the detailed identification and... 

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