Basic Research Needs

A more radical approach is to develop membrane processes that combine hydrogen generation and separation in a single reactor. Further research on membranes is also needed to yield a new and cheaper process for the separation of oxygen from air. The present process of cryogenic distillation is too costly for the bulk production of hydrogen as a fuel. 

In summary, it is clear that vigorous basic research programmes on catalysts and on membrane separation processes should be instigated if hydrogen from fossil sources is to reach its full potential and become cost-effective. Similarly, further investigation is necessary to define the optimum conditions for the direct conversion of wet biomass to hydrogen. Sequestration of carbon dioxide, which is another important topic for research, is discussed in the following chapter. 

Key World Energy Statistics, 2006 Edition, International Energy Agency, Paris, 2006. 

Childress and R. Childress, 2004 World Gasification Survey a Preliminary Evaluation, Gasification Technologies 2004,4-6 October 2004, Washington, DC. 

Collot, Prospects for Hydrogen from Coal, Report CCC/78, International Energy Agency Clean Coal Centre, London, December 2003. 

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US Department of Energy, DOE Basic research needs, Catalysis for Energy. 2007. Basic... 

Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy, Report of the basic energy sciences workshop on hydrogen production, storage, and use. May 13-15, 2003. US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Second Printing, February 2004. 

Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization, Report on the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Solar Energy Utilization, April 18-21, 2005,... 

A. T. Bell, B. C. Gates, and D. Ray, Basic Research Needs Catalysis for Energy (PNNL-17214), U.S. Department of Energy, Report from a Workshop held in August 6-8, 2007, in Bethesda, Maryland (US) (www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html). 

Source Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems - Report of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, 2006. 

Hess, G. (2005) Basic research needs for solar energy utilization, US Department of Energy, Chemical and Engineering News, 83, 12. 

US DOE (2007b), Technology and Applied R D Needs for Electrical Energy Storage, Resource Document for the Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Electrical Energy Storage, Office of Science, Washington, DC, 2-3 April. 

G. W. Crabtree, M. S. Dresselhaus, and M. V. Buchanan, Basic Research Needs For the Hydrogen Economy (Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Department of Energy, BES, Washington DC, 2003). 

Dresselhaus MS, Crabtree GW, Buchanan MV. Basic research needs for the hydrogen economy. Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. http //www.sc.doe.gOv/bes/reports/abstracts.html NHE. 

Sircar, S. Basic research needs for design of adsorptive gas separation processes. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 2006, 45 (16), 5435. 

Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy, Feb. 2004. 

Bell, A.T., Gates, B.C., Ray, D. and Thompson, M.R. (2008) Basic Research Needs Catalysis for Energy, PNNL-17214, US Department of Energy, http // www.pnl. gov / main / publications / extemal/technicaLreports/PNNL-17214.pdf. 

Buttrill, Jr., S. E. "Analysis of Jet Fuels by Mass Spectrometry," in Naval Research Laboratory Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Synthetic Hydrocarbon Jet Aircraft Fuels, Naval Air Systems Command, June 15-16, 1978, and references therein. 

Basic Research Needs for Environmentally Responsive Technologies of the Future, Jan 4—6, 1996 (New Orleans, LA), National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy... 

Lewis, Nathan S. and Crabtree, George Basic Research needs for energy utilisation , DOE Report on the Basic Research Workshop on Solar Cell Utilisation, April 18-21, 2005. http // WWW. sc. doe. gov/bes /reports /files / SEU rpt.pdf (accessed, January, 10, 2010). 

Science and technology transfer meetings assume two formats which in many respects are mirror images of each other. One type of meeting involves identification by leading industrial scientists of basic research needs for emerging new industrial technologies. Two of these so called CCR Univer-sity/Industry Interface Symposia are summarized in Table III. 

Basic Research Needs for Tomorrow s Industrial Catalysis 12th North American Meeting of the Catalysis Society, Lexington, Kentucky,... 

J. Stringer, L. Horton, Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future (2(X)3)... 

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