Hypnosis

Trance is no longer common as a scientific word, pardy because it carries negative connotations, partly because it has never been clearly enough defined. A scientific technical word should be clearly descriptive of what phenomena are, without confusing what they are with what we feel about them. It is the negative connotations that concern us here. 

In spite of the positive uses of hypnosis in medicine and psychotherapy and as an aid to learning, and in spite of decades of work by responsible professionals to educate the public to have a more positive view of hypnosis, in common usage hypnosis is still usually referred to as a trance. Hypnosis has negative connotations a hypnotized person is thought to lack animation, to be pardy asleep, to be in Ae power of the superior mind and will of the hypnotist, to be controlled and manipulated. 

Is there, perhaps, a deeper reason for the negative image of hypnosis, of trance, to persist.  

Gurdjieff was, among many other things, an accomplished hypnotist. 

Hypnosis fascinated me fiom my early teenage years and was the major focus of the first decade of my research career. My master s thesis and doctoral dissertation were studies of new uses for hypnosis in actively controlling both the process and the content of nocturnal dreaming. I spent two years in intense postdoctoral study of hypnosis at Stanford University and carried out research studies for several years thereafter. I am supposed to be an expert on hypnosis, yet in spite of years of study I still find it quite incredible. 

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All barbiturates have essentially die same mode of action. Depending on the dose given, tiiese drags are capable of producing central nervous system (CNS) depression and mood alteration ranging from mild excitation to mild sedation, hypnosis (sleep), and deep coma These drugs also are respiratory depressants the degree of depression... 

These drug have a rapid onset and a short duration of action. They depress the central nervous system (CNS) to produce hypnosis and anesthesia but do not produce analgesia. Recovery after a small dose is rapid. 

Winters WD, Kott KS Continuum of sedation, activation and hypnosis or hallucinosis a comparison of low dose effects of pentobarbital, diazepam or gamma-hydroxy-butyrate in the cat. Neuropharmacology 18 877—884, 1979... 

Gupta PK, Gupta RC. 1977a. Effect of endosulfan pretreatment on organ weights and on pentobarbital hypnosis in rats. Toxicology 7 283-288. 

Loss of consciousness Muscle relaxation Hypnosis Sedation Ataxia Anti-epileptic Anti-anxiety... 

Hypnosis maybe effective for severe NVP.11 Psychotherapy is another non-invasive treatment approach that is safe during pregnancy or in situations in which adverse treatment effects and drug interactions are a concern. One small study suggested that patients with hyperemesis gravidarum may benefit from the combination of psychotherapy and antiemetics. 

The first evaluation of a medical procedure using placebo controls occurred some 200 years later. The procedure was mesmerism - now more commonly called hypnosis - as practised by the disciples of the 18th-century Viennese physician Franz Anton Mesmer. Mesmer believed that many illnesses were caused by a bodily imbalance of an invisible magnetic fluid that permeated the universe. Just as antidepressants are used today to restore a presumed chemical imbalance, so Mesmer and his followers used magnetic treatment to restore the magnetic imbalance that they believed was the cause of their patients illnesses. 

Khan, Arif, Nick Redding and Walter A. Brown, The Persistence of the Placebo Response in Antidepressant Clinical Trials , Journal of Psychiatric Research 42, no. 10 (2008) 791-96 Kihlstrom, John F., Attributions, Awareness and Dissociation In Memoriam Kenneth S. Bowers, 1937-199 6 , AmericanJournal of Clinical Hypnosis 40, no. 3 (1998) 194-205... 

To develop "materials to render the induction of hypnosis easier and substances which will produce pure euphoria with n< subsequent let-down."... 

The endogenous analgesic system is normally inactive. It remains unclear how this system becomes activated. Potential activating factors include exercise, stress, acupuncture, and hypnosis. 

Gulyani, S Majumdar, S. Mallick, B. N. (2000). Rapid eye movement sleep and significance of its deprivation studies - a review. Sleep and Hypnosis 2, 49-68. 

Nonpharmacologic interventions are classified as behavioral interventions and include relaxation, biofeedback, self-hypnosis, cognitive distraction, guided imagery, and systematic desensitization. 

Psychotherapies for PTSD include anxiety management (e.g., stress-inoculation training, relaxation training, biofeedback, distraction techniques), CBT, group therapy, hypnosis, psychodynamic therapies, and psychoeducation. Psychotherapy may be used in patients with mild symptoms, those who prefer not to use medications, or in conjunction with drugs in those with severe symptoms to improve response. 

The clinical consequences of the currently used benzodiazepines range from sedation, muscle relaxation, seizure reduction, anxiolysis, and hypnosis. Clearly, it would be highly desirable to be able to separate some of these effects. In addition, it would be useful to reduce other undesirable consequences such as development of tolerance and dependence, abuse, synergistic interaction with ethanol, and memory impairment (for a comprehensive review see [22]). Animal models for some of the aforementioned conditions, in combination with transgenic mouse technology, have recently led to a deeper understanding of the contribution some of the individual a subunits make to these behaviors. 

It is by the thought-building quality of consciousness that humans formulate and perceive their own unique world. Each perception of the universe is ultimately subjective. Although consensual reality is a strong determinant, there is also an element of mass hysteria in our reactions to experience, as well as an element of mass hypnosis in our perceptions. We, and the worlds we construct, are the stuff of dreams, as Shakespeare put it. We mold this stuff of dreams using our mental... 

GABA GABAa Rat brain Alcoholism, CNS, anesthesia, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, Parkinson s disease, pain, migraine, respiratory gastrointestinal, diabetes, obesity Synaptic inhibition, decrease in neuronal excitability increase in cellular chloride influx, neuroprotection, sedation/hypnosis, anticonvulsant activity muscle relaxation... 

Two Army medical doctors, one of whom was a psychiatrist, interviewed the soldier under sodium pentothal on 26 May 1961. Later, they repeated the interview using voluntary hypnosis, followed by several additional psychiatric evaluations. One of the doctors suggested that a tension method aggravated by tension-producing drugs might be useful. ... 

Double Your Income Time Line Hypnosis Programming CD by Bart Baggett and Brett Thomas... 

Timelining Your Outcomes - A powerful meditation to install desired future outcomes using your own interpretation of how you store time along your time-line. This technique is most effective while in a state of meditation or hypnosis. 

Sedation is an intermediate degree of CNS depression, while hypnosis is a degree of CNS depression similar to natural sleep. From the chemical point of view, soporific, sedative, and hypnotic drugs are classified as barbiturates, benzodiazepine hypnotics, and so on. Except for a few rare exceptions, any one of these compounds can be used for acquiring a sedative effect or state of sleep. Presently, the less toxic benzodiazepines are edging out the class of barbiturates more and more because of the possibility of chronic dependence associated with the use of barbiturates. Drugs of both classes are primarily CNS depressants, and a few of their effects, if not all, are evidently linked to action on the GABA-receptor complex. 

Pharmacology These agents depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. Barbiturates have little analgesic action at subanesthetic doses and may increase the reaction to painful stimuli. All barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity in anesthetic doses. However, only phenobarbital and mephobarbital are effective as oral anticonvulsants in subhypnotic doses. 

DETAILS - Sodium pentothal is one of the most widely used anesthetics in medical and dental practice. It is also the drug of choice for suicidal doctors, so its lethal potential is well proven. It is an ultra-short acting depressant of the central nervous system. It induces hypnosis and anesthesia, but not analgesia (pain relief) Hypnosis is produced within 30 to 40 seconds of injection. 

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