Of hypnosis

To develop "materials to render the induction of hypnosis easier and substances which will produce pure euphoria with n< subsequent let-down."... 

Powell RA, Gee TL. The effects of hypnosis on dissociative identity disorder a reexamination of the evidence. Can J Psychiatry 1999 44 914-916. 

Eszopiclone Bind selectively to a subgroup of GABAa receptors, acting like benzodiazepines to enhance membrane hyperpolarization Rapid onset of hypnosis with few amnestic effects or day-after psychomotor depression or somnolence Sleep disorders, especially those characterized by difficulty in falling asleep Oral activity short half-lives CYP substrates Toxicity Extensions of CNS depressant effects dependence liability Interactions Additive CNS depression with ethanol and many other drugs... 

What this means is that the threshold to external stimuli is raised and lowered at will within waking (in hypnosis) and involuntarily within sleep (in dreaming). Whether the threshold adjustment is voluntary or involuntary, there tends to be a reciprocal enhancement of internal sensory stimuli that reaches hallucinatory strength easily (in dreaming) and with more difficulty (in trance). This particular feature of hypnosis strengthens the claim that hallucination, the most severe and stigmatic symptom of mental illness, can be triggered in two entirely natural states. Hallucination... 

Fogel, S., and Hoffer, A. "The Use of Hypnosis to Interrupt and to Reproduce an LSD-25 Experience," Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology 23,11-16,1962b. 

Let us know look at examples of three inductions of d-ASCs, all starting from a b-SoC of the ordinary waking state-the process of falling asleep, the induction of hypnosis, and the practice of two kinds of meditation toward the goal of reaching a meditative state. These examples are intended not as final analyses from the systems approach, but simply as illustrations of how the systems approach to states of consciousness deals with the induction of d-ASCs. 

This automatic response to suggestion affects your Sense of identity subsystem. Ordinarily it is your own "voice" inside you that tells you to do a thing that you then do. Now the hypnotist s voice takes over this role, and your sense of self begins to include the hypnotist. The special modulation from this subsystem that constitutes the ego sense (discussed later) is added to the stimuli that would ordinarily be perceived as the voice of an outsider. Psychoanalysts call this the transference element of hypnosis, especially when some of the transference involves parental transferences onto the hypnotist. The deliberate or implicit encouragement of identification with the hypnotist s voice is an application of patterning forces. 

Depending on subsidiary assumptions the subject makes, he rapidly evolves a new arithmetical logic that does not involve the number three. To the question, "what does two plus one equal " he answers, "Four." To the question, "sic divided by two equals what " he answers either, "Two" or "Four," depending on the subsidiary assumptions. Thus a whole new logic can be readily programmed in the d-ASC of hypnosis, various state-specific logics have been reported for meditative and psychedelic states, but they do not seem communicable in the ordinary d-SoC. 

An example is the equating of the hypnotic state, the d-ASC of hypnosis, with the performance of the hypnotic induction procedure. 

A detailed example of self-report scaling of the depth of hypnosi is presented below, it illustrates the idea of depth and the way a common language is established between experiencer and investigator and provides some information about deep hypnosis and its possible transition into another d-ASC enti rely.T21... 

Now here is the numerical scale you are to use. i ll give you various highlights that identify different degrees of hypnosis on the scale, but report any point on the scale when asked for your state. 

The results of both his preinduction interview about his general experience of hypnosis and the particular hypnotic session have been condensed into the graph shown in Figure 14-6 (Reprinted from c. Tart, 3. Transpersonal Psychology., 1970, 2, 27-40, by the permission of the American Transpersonal Association). 

Note also that there is little mapping of the very light region of hypnosis and consequently no data on the transition from the ordinary d-SoC to hypnosis. 

Haley, J. (ed.). Advanced Techniques of Hypnosis and Therapy Selected Papers of Milton H. Erickson, M. D. New York Grune Stratton, 1967. 

To move from wake to deep trance, subjects must deactivate the cortex, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex the same structure must be reactivated to move from non-lucid to lucid REM dreaming. The deactivation, in the case of hypnosis, facilitates the loss of contact with the outside world, the abandonment of the will, and the amnesia while... 

In spite of the positive uses of hypnosis in medicine and psychotherapy and as an aid to learning, and in spite of decades of work by responsible professionals to educate the public to have a more positive view of hypnosis, in common usage hypnosis is still usually referred to as a trance. Hypnosis has negative connotations a hypnotized person is thought to lack animation, to be pardy asleep, to be in Ae power of the superior mind and will of the hypnotist, to be controlled and manipulated. 

Is there, perhaps, a deeper reason for the negative image of hypnosis, of trance, to persist. ... 

Hypnosis fascinated me fiom my early teenage years and was the major focus of the first decade of my research career. My master s thesis and doctoral dissertation were studies of new uses for hypnosis in actively controlling both the process and the content of nocturnal dreaming. I spent two years in intense postdoctoral study of hypnosis at Stanford University and carried out research studies for several years thereafter. I am supposed to be an expert on hypnosis, yet in spite of years of study I still find it quite incredible. 

The formal induction of hypnosis begins by asking the subject to look steadily at a small, shiny spot on the wall (such as a chrome-plated thumbtack) while listening to the hypnotist. The point of fixation is called the target. 

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