Organ weight

PAG sludge can be regenerated by wet air oxidation (WAO) or by a multiple-hearth furnace. Capacity losses might be high in WAO, particulady with low molecular weight organics. Weight loss in a furnace may exceed 20%. 

Endosulfan administered by gavage at 1.5 mg/kg/day for 30 days to ovariectomized rats did not influence the relative weights or histology of the uterus, cervix, or vagina compared to ovariectomized control rats that did not receive endosulfan (Raizada et al. 1991). Rats in a positive control group received intraperitoneal injections of estradiol and showed increased relative organ weights and normal development of female reproductive tissues compared to the untreated ovariectomized control rats. 

Organ weights and tissue development in rats administered both endosulfan and estradiol were not significantly different from those seen in rats that received estradiol alone. The study results indicate that endosulfan was neither estrogenic nor anti-estrogenic under the conditions of this assay. 

Gupta PK, Gupta RC. 1977a. Effect of endosulfan pretreatment on organ weights and on pentobarbital hypnosis in rats. Toxicology 7 283-288. 

Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) are estimated relative to 2,3,7,8-TCDD, which is assigned a value of 1. They are measures of the toxicity of individual compounds relative to that of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. A variety of toxic indices, measured in vivo or in vitro, have been used to estimate TEFs, including reproductive effects (e.g., embryo toxicity in birds), immunotoxicity, and effects on organ weights. The degree of induction of P450 lAl is another measure from which estimations of TEF values have been made. The usual approach is to compare a dose-response curve for a test compound with that of the reference compound, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and thereby establish the concentrations (or doses) that are required to elicit a standard response. The ratio of concentration of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to concentration of test chemical when both compounds produce the same degree of response is the TEF. Once determined, a TEF can be used to convert a concentration of a dioxin-like chemical found in an environmental sample to a toxic equivalent (TEQ). 

Kjellstrand P, Kanje M, Mansson L, et al. 1981. Trichloroethylene Effects on body and organ weights in mice, rats and gerbils. Toxicology 21 105-115. 

Kjellstrand P, Hohnquist B, Aim P, et al. 1983a. Trichloroethylene Further studies of the effects on body and organ weights and plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity in mice. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 53 375-384. 

Sai, K., Takagi, A., Umemura, T., Hasegawa, R. and Kurokawa, T. (1991). Relation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation in rat kidney to lipid peroxidation, glutathione level and relative organ weight after a single administration of potassium bromate. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82, 165-169. 

A hallmark of PB-PK models is the ability to scale up animal-based models to humans, thus allowing tissue drug concentrations to be predicted in the absence of data that are difficult or impossible to collect. Initial efforts to apply interspecies extrapolations to anticancer drugs have been greatly extended to chemical risk assessment based on PB-PK models [14]. Empirical allometric equations based on animal body weight have been the mainstay to scale organ weights and... 

One of the most frequently used methods for predicting human pharmacokinetics from animal data is allometry. This technique was initially used to explain the relationship between body size and organ weights in animals [62-67]. The approach is based on finding a correlation between a physiological and the pharmacokinetic parameter of interest. Generally the relationship takes the form of ... 

Calculated from concentration and assumed organ weights. 

No measurable effect on body weight, food consumption, hematology, clinical chemistry, or organ weights of any diet... 

Sorensen, E.M.B., P.M. Cumbie, T.L. Bauer, J.S. Bell, and C.W. Harlan. 1984. Histopathological, hematological, condition-factor, and organ weight changes associated with selenium accumulation in fish from Belews Lake, North Carolina. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13 153-162. 

Hematology Clinical Chemistry Gross pathology Organ weights Histology... 

Immune Status Hematology, Organ Weights, and Histopathology.68... 

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