Behavioral interventions

Ciraulo DA, Jaffe JH Tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression associated with alcoholism. Clin Psychopharmacol 1 146—150, 1981 Ciraulo DA, Nace E Benzodiazepine treatment of anxiety or insomnia in substance abuse patients. Am J Addict 9 276—284, 2000 Ciraulo DA, Barnhill JG, Jaffe JH, et al Intravenous pharmacokinetics of 2-hydroxy-imipramine in alcoholics and normal controls. J StudAlcohol 51 366-372, 1990 Ciraulo DA, Knapp CM, LoCastro J, et al A benzodiazepine mood effect scale reliability and validity determined for alcohol-dependent subjects and adults with a parental history of alcoholism. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 27 339—347, 2001 Collins MA Tetrahydropapaveroline in Parkinson s disease and alcoholism a look back in honor of Merton Sandler. Neurotoxicology 25 117-120, 2004 COMBINE Study Research Group Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions in alcohol dependence rationale and methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 1107-1122, 2003a... 

Fortunately, effective smoking treatments (both behavioral and pharmacological) are now available (George and O Malley 2004). Although behavioral interventions are an integral part of smoking treatment, our review will... 

COMBINE Smdy Research Group Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions in alcohol dependence rationale and methods. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 1107-1122, 2003a... 

BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION TECHNIQUES IN DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT. John Grabowski, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. and Jack E. Henningfield, Ph.D., eds. 

Behavioral therapy can be used to treat patients with ADHD however, it is generally not recommended as first-line monotherapy.8 Several studies have demonstrated that treatment with medication alone is superior to behavioral intervention alone in improving attention.12 However, behavioral therapy in combination with stimulant therapy was better at improving oppositional and aggressive behaviors.12 Behavioral modification involves training parents, teachers, and caregivers to change the physical and social environment and establishment... 

Educate the patient on lifestyle or behavioral interventions that may help to alleviate vasomotor symptoms. 

Nonpharmacologic therapy is the cornerstone of treatment education, exercise, weight loss, and cognitive behavioral intervention are integral components. 

Robertson, C., Gatchel, R. and Fowler, C., Effectiveness of a videotaped behavioral intervention in reducing anxiety in emrgency oral surgery patients. Behavioral Medicine 17(2), 77-85, 1991. 

Pinquart, M., P. M. Duberstein and J. M. Lyness, Effects of Psychotherapy and Other Behavioral Interventions on Clinically Depressed Older Adults A Meta-Analysis , Aging Mental Health 11, no. 6 (2007) 645-57... 

Nonpharmacologic interventions are classified as behavioral interventions and include relaxation, biofeedback, self-hypnosis, cognitive distraction, guided imagery, and systematic desensitization. 

Assessment and reduction in the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances prior to pregnancy improve outcomes. For smoking cessation, behavioral interventions are preferred. Intermittent delivery formulations of nicotine replacement therapies are preferred over the patches. If patches are used, 16-hour patches are preferred over 24-hour patches. 

Behavioral interventions (relaxation therapy, biofeedback, cognitive therapy) are preventive options for patients who prefer nondrug therapy or when drug therapy is ineffective or not tolerated. 

Sleep disturbances, wandering, urinary incontinence, agitation, and aggression should be managed with behavioral interventions whenever possible. 

The obvions qnestion is whether combining naltrexone, acamprosate, and/or disnlfiram is better than either medication alone. To our knowledge, this has not been systematically studied, but it may be a viable alternative in particularly severe cases when other treatment options have failed. The cornerstone of success in the treatment of alcoholism is clearly the behavioral intervention including Alcoholics Anonymons. 

Nides M, Leischow S, Sarna L, Evans SE. Maximizing smoking cessation in clinical practice pharmacologic and behavioral interventions. Prev Cardiol 2007 10(2 Suppl l) 23-30. Review. 

Wood, A., Harrington, R., and Moore, A. (1996) Controlled trial of a brief cognitive-behavioral intervention in adolescent patients with depressive disorders. / Child Psychol Psychiatry 37 737-746. 

Spence, S.H., Donovan, C., and Brechman-Toussaint, M. (2000) The treatment of childhood social phobia the effectiveness of a social skills training-based, cognitive-behavioral intervention, with and without parental involvement. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 41 713-726. 

Specific treatments guided by clinical, etiological (e.g., PANDAS), or genetic subtypes are the focus of ongoing efforts. Systematic augmentation trials using the atypical neuroleptics or the beta-blocker pindolol are needed. Family-based behavioral interventions are also under study. 

Behavioral therapies are the treatment of choice for enuresis in both typically developing children and children with MR. No medical intervention should be undertaken before considering behavioral interventions, such as a star chart for dry nights, evening fluid restriction, bladder-stretching exercises (where children are asked to hold their urine for as long as they can, past the initial bladder spasm), and/or the buzzer-and-pad. However, some MR/DD patients will be unable to cooperate with such strategies and may need medical... 

Pain assessment in children and adolescents is a subject unto itself, and one that any clinician working with a child in pain must be familiar with (Franck et ah, 2000). Treatment of pain in children and adolescents must include cognitive-behavioral interventions such as preparation and rehearsal, hypnosis, guided imagery, breathing exercises, muscle relaxation, and distraction consideration of other complementary interventions such as acupuncture or biofeedback is common (Powers, 1999 Chen et ah, 2000 Rusy and Weisman, 2000). 

Rowan-Szal GA, Bartholomew NG, Chatham LR Simpson DD (2005). A combined cognitive and behavioral intervention for cocaineusing methadone clients. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 75-84... 

In children and adolescents, the decision to medicate is based on problems with inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that are persistent and sufficiently severe to cause functional impairment at school, at home, and with peers. Before treatment with psychostimulants is instituted, other treatable causes should be ruled out and behavioral interventions considered. To maximize the likelihood of successful treatment with psychostimulants, parents or guardians should be involved in the treatment plan, including monitoring the administration of the medication, learning new disciplinary techniques, and participating in the patient s follow-up appointments (42). 

Anton RF et al Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence The COMBINE study A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006 295 2003. [PMID 16670409]... 

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