Analgesic actions

Health Hazards Information - Recommended Persoruil Protective Equipment Fresh air mask for confined areas rubber gloves protective clothing full face shield Symptoms Following Exposure Will bum eyes and skin. The analgesic action may cause loss of pain sensation. Readily absorbed through skin, causing increased heart rate, convulsions, and death General Treatment for Exposure ... 

According to Eddy, as quoted by Small, the analgesic action of neopine, n omorphine, 6-acetylneomorphine or 3 6-diacetylneomorphine (p. 218) is definitely less than that of morphine and its corresponding analogues. The first two are about half as toxic as codeine and morphine respectively, and the second pair are more toxic than their morphine analogues. None of the four shows the Straub reaction and the convulsant action is less marked. 

Uyeo and his colleagues have examined a series of 5-(aminoacyl-amido)-3-methylisothiazoles (37) for their analgesic action and claim that some are more potent than aminopyrine. ... 

The manner in which salicylates relieve pain and reduce inflammation is not fully understood. It is thought that the analgesic action of the salicylates is due to tiie inhibition of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are fatty acid derivatives found in almost every tissue of the body and body fluid. Release of prostaglandin is thought... 

Barbiturates have litde or no analgesic action, so the nurse does not give these drug if die patient has pain and cannot sleep. Barbiturates, when given in the presence of pain, may cause restiessness, excitement, and delirium. 

Chao CC, Hu S, Shark KB, Sheng WS, Gekker G, Peterson PK (1997) Activation of mu opioid receptors inhibits microglial cell chemotaxis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 281 998-1004 Chen SR, Pan HL (2006) Blocking mu opioid receptors in the spinal cord prevents the analgesic action by subsequent systemic opioids. Brain Res 1081 119-125 Chen C, Li J, Bot G, Szabo I, Rogers TJ, Liu-Chen LY (2004) Heterodimerization and crossdesensitization between the mu-opioid receptor and the chemokine CCR5 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 483 175-186... 

The furan derivative (23) has been tested in vivo in tests of motor activity (open-field test) and antinociception (hot-plate test) as well as its capacity to enhance the hypokinetic and/or analgesic actions of subeffective doses of... 

Rylski M, Duriasz-Rowinska H, Rewerski W. (1979). The analgesic action of some flavonoids in the hot plate test. Acta Physiol Pol. 30(3) 385-8. 

Onogi T, Minami M, Kuraishi Y, Satoh M. (1992). Capsaicin-like effect of (6)-shogaol on substance P-containing primary afferents of rats a possible mechanism of its analgesic action. Neuropharmacology. 31(11) 1165-9. 

Hamann SR, Martin WR. (1994). Hyperalgesic and analgesic actions of morphine, U50-488, naltrexone, and (-)-lobeline in the rat brainstem. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 47(1) 197-201. Hamann W, di Vadi PP. (1999). Analgesic effect of the cannabinoid analogue nabilone is not mediated by opioid receptors. Lancet 353(9152) 560. 

Choline salicylate provides analgesic action and is indicated in toothache. A46 C... 

In this chapter, new material is classified and evaluated in terms of the more important stmctural groups of analgesics and analgesic antagonists. Although many biochemical aspects of analgesic action have been studied, results obtained continue to be complex and ill-defined [12] and no special section is devoted to this topic in the present review. 

The antipyretic and analgesic actions of aspirin are believed to occur in a certain area of the brain. It is also thought by some that the salicylates exert their analgesia by their effect on water balance. Aspirin is anti-inflammatory because it inhibits the biosynthesis of chemicals called prostaglandins. The irritation of the stomach lining caused by aspirin can be alleviated with the use of mild bases such as sodium bicarbonate, aluminum glycinate, sodium citrate, aluminum hydroxide, or magnesium trisilicate (a common trademark for this type of aspirin is Bufferin ). 

The analgesic action of fentanyl surpasses that of morphine by approximately 100-fold. It has a suppressive action on the respiratory center and slows heart rate. Fentanyl is used in... 

Acetaminophen differs from the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents described in that it is devoid of anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic properties. It was recently shown that acetaminophen, like aspirin, inhibits cyclooxygenase action in the brain and is even stronger than aspirin. On the other hand, the mechanism of analgesic action of acetaminophen is not fully clear, since it acts poorly on peripheral cyclooxygenase. 

Drugs of this series, indomethacin, totmetin, sulindac, and others are very effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drngs with strongly expressed analgesic action. They are strong inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis. 

Pain - For analgesic action of short duration during anesthesia (premediaction, induction, maintenance) and in the immediate postoperative period (recovery room) as needed. 

Pharmacology These agents depress the sensory cortex, decrease motor activity, alter cerebellar function, and produce drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis. Barbiturates have little analgesic action at subanesthetic doses and may increase the reaction to painful stimuli. All barbiturates exhibit anticonvulsant activity in anesthetic doses. However, only phenobarbital and mephobarbital are effective as oral anticonvulsants in subhypnotic doses. 

Pharmacology Gabapentin is an oral antiepileptic agent. The mechanism by which it exerts its anticonvulsant and analgesic actions is unknown. 

Zhang C, Davies MF, Guo TZ, Maze M (1999) The analgesic action of nitrous oxide is dependent on the release of norepinephrine in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Anesthesiology 91,1401-1407... 

---