Hydrogen flame ionization detector

DOBBS, R. A., WISE, R. H. and DEAN, R. B. Measurement of Organic Carbon in Water Using the Hydrogen-Flame Ionization Detector. Anal. Chem., 39, 1255 (1967). 

Lebish, P., Finkle, B.S., and Brackett, J.W., Jr., Determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, and related amines in blood and urine by gas chromatography by hydrogen-flame ionization detector, Clin. Chem., 16, 195-200, 1970. 

Hill, R. D., and H. Gesser An Investigation into the Quantitative Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Metal Chelates Using a Hydrogen-Flame Ionization Detector. J. Chromatog. 1, Heft 10, S. 11 (1963). 

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. A Hewlett-Packard Model 5890 Gas Chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector was used in the study. A bonded phase DB-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m x 0.25 imi, 1 um film thickness) was used in all analyses (J W Scientific, Rancho Cordoba, CA). Operating parameters were as follows ... 

A Perkin-Elmer model 900 gas chromatograph with a hydrogen flame ionization detector is used in this work. The recorder is a Perkin-Elmer model 56 adjusted to produce a chart at 1 centimeter per minute for ease of interpretation and evaluation. Variations in attenuation are frequently necessary from specimen to specimen. 

Procedure (See Chromatography, Appendix IIA.) Use a suitable gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame-ionization detector, and a silanized 1-m x 4-mm (id) glass column, or equivalent, packed with 90- to 100-mesh Anakrom ABS, or equivalent, containing 7.5% Carbowax 20M and 2% potassium hydroxide, or equivalent. Maintain the column at 190° (isothermal). Set the injection point temperature to 200° and the detector temperature to 250°. Use nitrogen as the carrier gas, with a flow rate of 50 mL/min. 

Alkali, alkaline-earth metals Ion-exchange/ Zr phosphate Synthetic Mixtures Hydrogen flame ionization detector Ca. 10 g (Cs) 120) 121)... 

Catalytic reactions were carried out with 2 g catalyst placed in a fixed-bed continuous-flow reactor at the gas space velocity (F/W) of 1440 ml/g h under the reaction pressure of 200 KPa. The products were withdrawn periodically from the outlet of the reactor and analyzed by gas chromatography with a 4 m long squalane column and detected by a hydrogen flame ionization detector. The conversion and selectivity were calculated on the carbon number basis. 

Apparatus Barber-Colman and E.I.R. (Models 10, 5000, and AU-8) gas chromatographs fitted with hydrogen flame ionization detector. 

Apparatus F. M. Model 400 fitted with a hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID) and F. M. Model 700 equipped with a pulsed voltage electron-capture detector (ECD). 

The purpose of the detector is to determine when and how much of a compound has emerged from the column. Although the goal of all detectors is to be as sensitive as possible, many detectors are designed to be selective for certain classes of compounds. Dozens of different types of detectors have been developed, but only a few are used routinely. Those are thermal conductivity (TC), thermionic (N/P), electron capture (ECD), flame photometric (FPD), Hall electroconductivity detector (Hall or ELCD), hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID), argon ionization (AI), photoionization (PID), gas density balance (GDB), and the mass spectrometer. Chemists usually select a detector by the following criteria, listed in priority ... 

The straight line portion of a calibration curve Jrom the lowest detection level to the highest concentration before the line begins to bend. This usually is given in powers of 10. For example, the LDR of a hydrogen flame ionization detector is about 10. ... 

Figure 20-40. Cross section diagram of a Varian hydrogen flame ionization detector.

Use of the classical FID (hydrogen Flame Ionization Detector) in GC analysis would be quite inhibiting in a portable, compact device, with a reasonable operational life of 100-1000 h before its battery [14] and/or hydrogen supply [15] would need recharging or replacement. Therefore, alternate approaches are under development for the PHASED MGA, with preliminary results as follows ... 

During the field studies a simpler isothermal Gow-Mac gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector was used. A 12-rt X i-in. column packed with 5% OV-17 substrate on Chromosorb W-HP was used for separation at 80 °C and 20 mL/min flow of carrier gas. 

R.A. Dobbs, R.H. Wise, and R.B. Dean. Measurement of organic carbon in water using the hydrogen-flame ionization detector. Anal. Chem., 39 1255-1258,1967. 

Earlier work by Legate and Burnham leads to a method for the characterization of zinc diethyldithiophosphates using pyrolysis -gas chromatography. This method however, utilized a katharometer detector and consequently was not as sensitive as that of Perry which utilized a hydrogen flame ionization detector. 

A Perkin-Elmer 451 fractometer with hydrogen flame ionization detector and 4-way gas sampling valve was used. Connections between gas valve and reaction vessel were of inch od Teflon tubing. 

They used a Shandon Universal" gas chromatograph equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. 

Evans and Johnson have studied the gas chromatography of a range of organoselenium compounds including dialkylselenides and ethylselenocyanate. They used a Wilkins Instrument and Research Inc. Hi-Fi 600C gas chromatograph with either a hydrogen flame ionization detector or an electron-capture detector. 

Nitrogen was used as carrier gas at flow rate between 20 and 30ml/min. Using the hydrogen flame ionization detector, the retention times of the alkyl selenium compounds were determined on each of the three columns at column temperature, within the range of 35-175°C. The injector temperature was set at 50 to 100°C higher than the column temperature. One per cent solutions of each selenium compound in carbon disulphide were used for the determinations, as carbon disulphide gives very little response with this detector system. 

For the determination of the value for each compound, defined as the ratio of response given by the electron capture detector to that given by the hydrogen flame ionization detector ( ( ) + EC/FI), peak areas were measured with the disc chart integrator. Injections of pure alkyl monoselenides, and solutions of alkyl diselenides and ethylselenocyanate in cyclohexane were used for determinations with the electron capture detector. 

Fig, 220. The separation of alkyl selenium compounds on a poly-metaphenylether column with hydrogen flame ionization detector. Column temperature 150 C., injector temperature 225°C., nitrogen carrier gas flow rate 25ml/min.,... 

Monitoring of hydrocarbons in atmospheric samples takes advantage of the very high sensitivity of the hydrogen-flame-ionization detector to measure this class of compounds. Known quantities of air are run through the flame-ionization detector 4-12 times per hour to provide a measure of total hydrocarbon content. 

The gas chromatograph used was JEOL type JGC-20K equipped with a hydrogen flame ionization detector. A glass column packed with 3% OV-17 on Gas chrom Q as a stationary phase was used. 

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