Hudson River, New York

Secord, A.L., McCarty, J.P., Echols, K.R., and Meadows, J.C. et al. (1999). PCBs and 2,3,7,8— TCDD equivalents in tree swallows from the upper Hudson river. New York State, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 2519-2525. 

Echols KR, TiUitt DE, Nichols JW, Secord AL, McCarty JP. 2004. Acciunulation of PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on the Hudson River, New York. Environ Sci Technol 38 6240-6246. 

Hudson River, New York Aquifer, Denmark White Clay Creek, Pennsylvania Perdido River, Texas Speed River, United States Appalachian stream,... 

Roy, N.K., S. Courtenay, Z. Yuan, M. Ikonomou and I. Wirgin. An evaluation of the etiology of reduced CYP1A1 messenger RNA expression in the Atlantic tomcod from the Hudson River, New York, USA, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 20 1022-1030, 2001. 

Total Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbonsus) 187,000- 2,079,000 Hudson River, New York Sloan et al, 1985... 

SRM1939a River sediment - PCBs and chlorinated pesticides Certified values for 20 PCB congeners and 3 chlorinated pesticides collected from the Hudson River, New York State, USA... 

Novak, M.A., A.A. Reilly, and S.J. Jackling. 1988. Long-term monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Hudson River (New York) using caddisfly larvae and other macroinvertebrates. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 699-710. 

Bopp RF, Simpson HJ, Olsen CR, Kostyk N (1981) Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the tidal Hudson river, New York. Environ Sci Technol 15, 210-216. 

Concentrations of nickel in roots of Spartina sp. from the vicinity of a discharge from a nickel-cadmium battery plant on the Hudson River, New York, ranged between 30.0 and... 

Newburgh-Beacon Bridge 1-84 over the Hudson River New York... 

Inner estuaries main channel Yaquina and Alsea (Oregon, USA) Hudson tidal river (New York, USA) Bodden (Germany)... 

Hudson (US-New York) Changjiang River (China-Shanghai/Jiangsu) Douro (Portugal)... 

New York NY, staying in office imtil 1888, thereby being involved in the construction of Washington Bridge over Harlem River, New York, and in turmels under Hudson River. 

General Electric (GE) Corporation produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at its plants in Eort Edward and Hudson Falls, New York, for use as dielectrics and coolant fluids in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors. From 1947 through 1977, they discharged the runoff from this process into the Hudson River. In 1983, theU.S. Enviromnental Protection Agency declared 200 miles of the Hudson River a superfund site, and sought to develop a cleanup and remediation plan to remove the PCBs that contaminated the sediment at the bottom of the river. Phase 1 cleanup was completed in 2009, at a cost to GE of 460,000,000. A projected Phase 2 effort will be even larger and more expensive (Highlight 1.3). 

Two GE capacitor plants located in Fort Edward and Hudson Falls, New York, discharged PCBs now found in water, sediment, fish, and the whole Hudson River ecosystem. GE agreed to perform Phase 1 of the cleanup process, which started in May 2009. The dredging of the upper Hudson River was set for about six months to remove approximately 10% of the PCBs. GE has not committed to the removal of the full scope of the contaminants, which is the goal of Phase 2. The issue in this story is not the cost (the cost of the ERA S proposal to GE was 460 million), but rather if the cleanup will work. GE does not believe that dredging is the solution to the problan and has invested 200 million on a groundwater pump to reduce the flow of PCBs from the bedrock below its Hudson Falls facility from 5 pounds to 3 ounces a day. GE officials have pointed out that the level of PCBs in fish is down 90% since 1977. The Hudson River is only one site out of 77 other sites where GE is responsible for the cleanup. 

This combine was the old American I. G. Chemical Corporation. From 230 Park Avenue, New York City, its main office governed five subsidiaries, all producing marvels of modem chemistry. They were the Ozalid Corporation of Johnson City, the General Dyestuffs Company, the old Hudson River Color Works, the Agfa-Ansco factory which manufactured cameras and films, and a research plant in Pennsylvania. 

New York Hudson River near nickel-cadmium battery plant 1972 ... 

The upper Hudson River was massively contaminated with PCBs from an industrial plant for several decades prior to 1975. All fishing in this section in 1976 was banned because of PCB contamination. The prohibition is still in effect because, in part, of measurable PCB residues in caged fishes from this area (Table 24.9) (Jones et al. 1989). Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) collected near Troy and Albany, New York, contained higher concentrations in muscle of PCB 77 (37 pg/kg FW) and PCB 126 (8 pg/kg FW) than conspecifics from other locations in New York (Hong et al. 1992). Almost all (99%) the PCB toxicity in muscle of striped bass was attributed to PCBs 77, 105 (62 pg/kg FW), and 126 (Hong et al. 1992). 

Rohmann SO, Miller RL, Scott EA, et al. 1985. Tracing a river s toxic pollution A case study of the Hudson. McCook AS, ed. New York, NY, Inform report no. 154. 

Bopp, R.F., Simpson, H.J., Olsen, C.R., Trier, R.M., andKostyk, N. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and radionuclide chronologies in sediments of the Hudson River and estuary, New York, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 16(10) 666-676,1982. 

Owing to a lack of environmental knowledge and governmental guidance. General Electric Company released about 500,000 lb of hazardous PCBs into Hudson River in New York State between 1947 and 1976 from its plants in Fort Edward and Hudson Falls. Hudson River is... 

In 1977, PCB production was banned in the United States, and its release to the Hudson was stopped. Since 1976, the State of New York has banned aU hshing on the river between Bakers Fall in the Village of Hudson Fall and the Federal Dam at Troy. Most affected has been the commercial striped bass hshery, which once earned New Yorkers 40 million a year. Now the river is no longer suitable for swimming or any water contact sports, and of course, dehnitely not suitable for domestic water supply. The loss of its recreation and water supply revenues is simply too high to be priced. In 1983, the USEPA declared the Hudson River, from Hudson Falls to New York City, one of the Nahon s largest and most complicated Superfund toxic-waste sites. 

Hudson River (upper). New York 1983 total PCBs water column vs. fish muscle... 

Ra, Sb, and Th (Joshi 1991). Radiocesium-137 in water from the Hudson River esmary. New York, decreased tenfold between 1964 and 1970, but the Cs content in fish and in sediments remained relatively constant (Wrenn et al. 1971). The effluent from the United Kingdom s Atomic Energy Agency SeUafield facility on the Cumberland Coast of the Irish Sea contained °Sr and Cs, which are soluble in seawater and tend to remain in solution, and Ru, and Zr/ Nb, which are relatively insoluble in seawater and coprecipitate or adsorb on free inorganic and organic surfaces (Pentreath etal. 1971). 

The studies suggest, for instance, that the Hudson River carries the waste of some 16 tons of cocaine consumed per year in New York. The Rhine in Germany carries the waste of some 9 tons of cocaine consumed along its... 

---