Tachycineta bicolor

Bishop CA, Boermans HJ, Ng P, et al. 1998. Health of tree swallows Tachycineta Bicolor nesting in pesticide-sprayed apple orchards in Ontario, Canada. I. Immunological parameters. J Toxicol Environ Health Part A 55 531-559. 

The results for tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) in the area of the Upper Hudson River are surprising because the birds were still able to breed with TEQs far above the levels that had severe/fatal effects on other species of birds. However, there... 

Bishop CA, Koster MD, Chek AA, HusseU DJT, Jock K. 1995a. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and mercury in sediments, red-winged blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus) and tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from wetlands in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin. Environ Toxicol Chem 14 491-501. 

Custer CM, Custer TW, Rosiu CJ, Melancon MJ, Bickham JW, Matso CW. 2005. Exposure and effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Woonasquatucket River, Rhode Island, USA. Environ Toxicol Chem 24 93-109. 

Echols KR, TiUitt DE, Nichols JW, Secord AL, McCarty JP. 2004. Acciunulation of PCB congeners in nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) on the Hudson River, New York. Environ Sci Technol 38 6240-6246. 

Kraus ML. 1989. Bioaccumulation ofheavy metals inpre-fledghng tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 43 407-414. 

Nichols JW, Larsen CP, McDonald ME, Niemi GJ, Ankley GT. 1990. Bioenergetics-based model for accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls by nestling tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor. Environ Sci Technol 29 604-612. 

Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, nestlings acidified (pH 4.8) ... 

PCBs can move from local sediments into the avian food web, as judged by PCB accumulation rates of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) from contaminated and reference sites (Custer et al. 1998). Patterns of relative concentrations of PCB congeners change from sediment to invertebrates, and from tree swallow eggs to nestlings (Froese et al. 1998). Dioxin-like activity (TEF) measured in tree swallow tissues could predict TEF in sediments and the reverse. Models of dioxin-like activity in the sediments of Saginaw Bay, Michigan, predicted that sediments were not harmful to tree swallows from that area (Froese et al. 1998). 

The presence of chlorine and chlorinated compounds is also the source of dioxins and furans during paper making, and these compounds have been detected in sediments in the vicinity of a pulp and paper mill [53] and in effluents, along with polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes [54]. A recent study found high concentrations of PCDD and PCDF along with PCP in nestling tissue (Tachycineta bicolor) collected downstream of paper pulp mills, suggesting that the primary source of contaminants was the use of PCP for timber preservation [55]. In addition, it has been shown that dioxins bioaccumulate in fish downstream of pulp and paper mills [56]. The levels of chlorinated compounds of different families are shown in Fig. 3. 

Common eider, Somateria mollissima Muscle, liver, kidney, and egg Roseate tern. Sterna dougallir, Long Island, New York 1992 egg shell vs. egg contents Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, Hackensack River Basin, New Jersey contaminated area Sediments Eggs Embryos Shell... 

Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor, nestlings acidified (pH 4.8) vs. reference (pH 6.7) lakes Ontario, Canada 1986-89 Kidney Liver... 

Nickel concentrations in the organs of most avian wildlife species in unpolluted ecosystems range from about 0.1 to 2.0mg/kg DW and occasionally reach 5.0mg/kg DW. In nickel-contaminated areas, nickel concentrations were elevated in feathers, eggs, and internal tissues of birds when compared to conspecifics collected at reference sites. In contaminated ecosystems, mean nickel concentrations between 31.0 and 36.0mg/kg DW occur in primary feathers of mallards Anas platyrhynchos) collected 20-30 km from a nickel smelter, bone of the common tern (Sterna hirundo) from Hamilton Harbor, Ontario, and eggshell of the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) from the Hackensack River, New Jersey. 

Figure 12.4 Relationship between geographic coordinates and mean + SD) isotopic compositions of H and Sr in feathers of tree swallows Tachycineta bicolor) across 18 North American breeding sites, (a) Latitude versus 8D (rs = —0.47, p = 0.05) ...

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