Household cleaners bleaches

Sodium hypochlorite is one of the best disinfectants known, capable of killing bacteria, yeasts, fungus, spores, and even viruses. Because it is an excellent disinfectant as well as a bleaching agent, it is used in many household cleaners. Sodium hypochlorite is also used to disinfect water supplies and swimming pools (although calcium hypochlorite in powder or pellet form is often used as a substitute, due to the convenience of its solid form). 

You have perhaps heard that household cleaners should never be mixed because exothermic reactions may occur or dangerous products may form. The formation of hydrazine on mixing household ammonia and hypochlorite-containing chlorine bleaches is a case in point. 

The main use of hydrogen peroxide is bleaching. Uses in chemical industry and in environmental protection are increasing because its great advantage is that the degradation product is water - a solution of some wt% is even used as a household cleaner. 

Cleaning products are used regularly in most households These include dishwashing detergents, denture cleaners, toilet bowl cleaners, oven cleaners, drain cleaners, wood and metal cleaners and polishes, tub, tile, and shower cleaners, bleach and pool chemicals. Toxic chemicals contained in household cleaners include glycol ethers, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, surfactants, and heavy metals J32l... 

Mildew removers are very closely related to the spray bleach cleaners discussed above. The main distinction between general household bleach cleaners and mildew removers is the concentration of bleach. While in the household cleaners the bleach level rarely exceeds 2% available chlorine, in mildew cleaners the level may reach as high as 3%. This is testament to the tenacity of the melanin stain that molds and mildews are able to produce, particularly in porous substrates like grout. Beyond this difference, the types and amounts of surfactants tend to be similar, as are the choice of alkalinity agent and the presence of any builders. 

Uses Surfactant in cosmetics hydrotrope, detergent in acid, alkaline, high electrolyte or bleach containing l l and household cleaners, e.g., acid cleaners, carpet steam cleaners, automatic dishwash textile penetrant, dye dispersant... 

As in the all-purpose cleaners, specialty cleaners generally have a combination of surfactants for most effective cleaning. These are usually combinations of anionic and nonionic surfactants. However, as was noted in the discussions above, there are times when solely nonionic surfactants are needed. Over the past 20 years, the household cleaners have gradually made more and more use of amine oxide, betaines, and more specialized nonionics. Amine oxides were always well used in hypochlorite-containing products, but are now used in other cleaners as well. However, the use of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and ethoxylated alkyl sulfates are still very prevalent. As stated before, the main choice of surfactant is dictated by the other chemistry in the cleaner—acid, alkaline, bleach, and quats. 

Household chlorine bleach is a dilute solution of sodium chlorate(i) (sodium hypochlorite). It is prepared by absorbing chlorine gas into cold sodium hydroxide solution. More concentrated solutions are used to disinfect drinking water and swimming pools. Bleach should never be mixed with other household cleaners. With bleach, acid-based cleaners produce chlorine and ammonia-based products produce toxic chloramines, for example NH2CI. 

Linalool can be hydrogenated to dihydroUnalool [18479-49-7] and tetrahydrolinalool [78-69-3] (97), both of which are used in perfumery. The use of the latter has increased because of its superior performance in harsh media, such as household cleaners containing hypochlorite bleach (which attacks the double bonds of linalool). 

Uses Thickener tor cosmetics and toiletries, delicate fabric powds. and liqs., prewash, stain removers, bleach boosters, all-purpose household cleaners, harid-surf. cleaners... 

Uses Wetting and dispersing agents for engineering, industrial, and household cleaners rec. for coating enzymes, defoamers in powd. form, bleach activators, and other detergent ingreds. 

Uses Detergent, wetting agenL all-purpose surfactant for textile processes, soaping prints, naphthols and vats, kier boil-off, bleaching, dyeing, shampoos, bubble baths, household cleaners Fhrrperties Liq. 23% cone. 

Never mix bleach with ammonia or household cleaners because the formation of toxic gases, such as chloramine (NH2CI) or chlorine (CI2), can result. 

Sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate is an important ingredient of many household detergents, working best at temperatures above 60°C. It is also used in dishwasher detergents, denture cleaners, as well as foot and bath salts. The textile industry generally uses hydrogen peroxide for bleaching, but there are a few areas in which sodium peroxoborate hexahydrate is preferred. 

A 5—6% sodium hypochlorite solution is sold for household purposes, of which the largest use is in laundry. Solutions of 10—15% NaOCl are sold for swimming pool disinfection, institutional laundries, and industrial purposes. Solutions of various strengths are used in household and industrial and institutional (I I) cleaners, disinfectants, and mildewcides. A small amount is used in textile mills. Sodium hypochlorite is also made on site with 30—40 g/L available chlorine for pulp bleaching, but its use is decreasing in order to reduce chloroform emissions (see Chlorine oxygen acids and salts). 

The largest use of calcium hypochlorite is for water treatment. It is also used for I I and household disinfectants, cleaners, and mildewcides. Most of the household uses have been limited to in-tank toilet bowl cleaners. In areas where chlorine cannot be shipped or is otherwise unavailable, calcium hypochlorite is used to bleach textiles in commercial laundries and textile mills. It is usually first converted to sodium hypochlorite by mixing it with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and removing the precipitated calcium carbonate. Or, it can be dissolved in the presence of sufficient sodium tripolyphosphate to prevent the precipitation of calcium salts. However, calcium hypochlorite is not usually used to bleach laundry and textiles because of problems with insoluble inorganic calcium salts and precipitation of soaps and anionic detergents as their calcium salts. 

Read the labels before mixing household cleansers. Many toilet-bowl cleaners contain acidic solutions, as do some drain cleaners, rust removers, and, of course, vinegar. Never mix bleach with these products. You could sustain permanent lung damage. 

Liquid household bleach is generally a 5% solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Ammonia cleansers—including general household cleansers, wax removers, glass and window cleaners, and oven cleaners — are aqueous solutions of 5-10% ammonia, NH3. Mixing bleach with cleansers containing ammonia leads to the formation of a family of potentially toxic compounds known as chloramines. These toxic gases have acrid fumes that can bum mucous membranes. Scented bleaches can mask one s natural ability to detect these harmful fumes. 

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