Hormonal drugs

Moreover, molecular modeling is one key method of a wide range of computer-assisted methods to analyze and predict relationships between protein sequence, 3D-molecular structure, and biological function (sequence-structure-function relationships). In molecular pharmacology these methods focus predominantly on analysis of interactions between different proteins, and between ligands (hormones, drugs) and proteins as well gaining information at the amino acid and even to atomic level. 

Beck, L. R., and Pope, V. Z., Controlled-release delivery systems for hormones. Drugs, 270, 528, 1984. 

Guerigan J.L., Bransome E.D. Outschoom A.S. 19SI) Hormone Drugs. Rockville US Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. 

J. Chayen, Cytochemical bioassay and its potential place in compendial definitions A method that offers sensitivity as well as specificity, in Hormone Drugs, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD, 1982, pp. 48-58. 

Thyroid hormone production is regulated by TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary, which in turn is under negative feedback control by the circulating level of free thyroid hormone and the positive influence of hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Thyroid hormone production is also regulated by extrathyroidal deiodination of T4 to T3, which can be affected by nutrition, nonthyroidal hormones, drugs, and illness. 

S. Gor dg and Gy. Szasz in "Analysis of Steroid Hormone Drugs," Akaddmiai Kiad6, Budapest, 1978. 

Liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry of selected emerging pollutants (steroid sex hormones, drugs and alkyl phenolic surfactants) in the aquatic environment [56]... 

R. L. Chan, M. D. Chaplin, Identification of Major Urinary Metabolites of Nafarelin Acetate, a Potent Agonist of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone , Drug Metab. Dispos. 1985, 13, 566-571. 

Phase II reactions (conjugate formation). Type II reactions couple their substrates (bilirubin, steroid hormones, drugs, and products of phase I reactions) via ester or amide bonds to highly polar negatively charged molecules. The enzymes involved are transferases, and their products are known as conjugates. 

Hormonal drugs are successfully used for complex treatment of malignant tumors. Tumors can be both hormone-dependent, as well as hormone-sensitive. 

Myxedema coma - Oral thyroid hormone drug products are not recommended to treat this condition administer thyroid hormone products formulated for IV. 

C. Fleck, M. Schwertfeger, P. M. Taylor (2003). Regulation of renal amino acid (AA) transport by hormones, drugs and xenobiotics—a review. Amino Acids 24 347-374. 

Receptor A macromolecule or a polymeric structure in or on a cell that specifically recognizes and binds a compound acting as a molecular messenger (e.g. neurotransmitters, hormones, drugs)... 

There is an increased risk of craniofacial defects, spina bifida, and developmental delay in children whose mothers received CBZ while pregnant. Thus, women of childbearing age should avoid this agent. If not practical, contraception should be diligently used to avoid pregnancy. In this context, dose adjustment of oral hormonal drugs may be necessary, since CBZ may accelerate their metabolism and compromise contraceptive effectiveness. 

Enzymes that directly incorporate molecular oxygen into organic substrates play a crucial role in many fundamental biological processes such as degradation of natural products in the biosphere, biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, hormones, drugs, etc. A wide variety of enzymic oxygenases has been identified and isolated from microorganisms, plants and animals. A detailed description of these enzymes is beyond the scope of this chapter, but several books and review articles are available.1,58-62... 

Hemminki E, Gissler M, Toukomaa H. Exposure to female hormone drugs during pregnancy effect on malformations and cancer. Br J Cancer 1999 80(7) 1092-7. 

Since both raloxifene and the non-hormonal drug alendronate reduce the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women it is relevant to determine which approach is better tolerated and thus most likely to promote long-term adherence to therapy. Adverse effects and compliance have been studied in a direct randomized comparison over 12 months in 902 women attending 154 treatment centres in Spain (21). They took either raloxifene 60 mg/day or alendronate 10 mg/day. Those who took raloxifene reported significantly better compliance than those who took alendronate more patients discontinued alendronate prematurely than raloxifene (26% versus 16%. The main reason for premature discontinuation was adverse reactions, particularly gastrointestinal reactions (9.9% with alendronate, 3.4% with raloxifene). 

Madan, D.K. and Cadwallader, D.E. (1973). Solubility of cholesterol and hormone drugs inilvflfe irm. 

Most readers would assume that the low percentage of T-4 and T-3 provided by Armour was ineffective. In fact, the combination was often considered more effective than either drug alone and is at the correct human ratio. The trace levels of T-2 and Triacana create a complete synergystic and effective thyroid hormone drug. Most athletes realized an increased metabolic rate with only 1.5-2.0 grains daily. 

As is the case with all thyroid hormone drug use, most athletes were noted as wiser to begin at a lower dosage of 100 MCG/d and slowly progress to their chosen dosage. Daily dosages of T-4/L-thyroxine that exceed 400 MCG will not increase metabolic rate beyond what is realized at 400 + MCG/d. 

Gonadotropin-releasing Works by negative feedback mechanisms to hormone drugs inhibit testosterone or estrogen production ... 

Relationship between the applied concentration (in molar units) and the ratio of bound to free drug following the binding of a hormone, drug or neurotransmitter to a receptor. 

Many treatment facilities at different locations were installed to produce water from wastewater for different uses. In some cases, MF membranes are used directly on strained wastewater to remove suspended particles that are too large for the gap between two membranes [30], Simple wastewater-treatment facilities in Europe exist along all large rivers. Secondary treated waters flowing into the rivers are again pumped at a distance of about 200 meters downstream, treated with active carbon and UF membranes, disinfected and then distributed to the system. This is wastewater treatment without an RO section due to the low salinity of the water. The process cannot handle dissolved medicines, hormones, drugs, and other contaminants that could be removed with RO or NF membranes. In some cases, NF membranes are used for better treatment of the water. Information on wastewater costing may be found in Adham et al. [31]. 

S. Gorog, Analysis of Steroid Hormone Drugs, Akademial Kiado, Budapest. 

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